An Empirical Investigation into Appellate Structure and the Perceived Quality of Appellate Review

78 Pages Posted: 3 Jun 2007 Last revised: 1 Aug 2011

See all articles by Jonathan Remy Nash

Jonathan Remy Nash

Emory University School of Law

Rafael I. Pardo

Washington University in St. Louis - School of Law

Abstract

Commentators have theorized that several factors may improve the process, and thus perhaps the accuracy, of appellate review: (1) review by a panel of judges, (2) subject-matter expertise in the area of the appeal, (3) other lawfinding ability, (4) adherence to traditional notions of appellate hierarchy, and (5) the judicial independence of appellate judges. The considerable discussion that has expounded upon these theories has occurred in a vacuum of abstract generalization. This Paper adds a new dimension by presenting results from an empirical study of bankruptcy appellate opinions issued over a three-year period. The federal bankruptcy appellate structure provides certain litigants the choice to appeal, in the first instance, to one of two distinct appellate tribunals - district courts and bankruptcy appellate panels (BAPs) - whose structural features relating to the theorized qualities of appellate review differ. As BAPs appear to have more of the features associated with the quality of appellate review, the study tests the theory through various hypotheses that focus on the perception held by other federal courts within the bankruptcy appellate structure of the quality of appellate review provided by these distinct appellate tribunals. The data show that federal courts have perceived BAPs to provide a better quality of appellate review. Having unearthed evidence that supports the theoretical notions underlying the quality of appellate review, this Paper concludes that commentators and policymakers ought to be encouraged to explore further, in a more detailed manner, the question of how appellate structure can be designed to provide better results.

Keywords: Courts, Judges, Appeals, Appellate Structure, Bankruptcy, Bankruptcy Appellate Panels

JEL Classification: K40, K41

Suggested Citation

Nash, Jonathan and Pardo, Rafael I., An Empirical Investigation into Appellate Structure and the Perceived Quality of Appellate Review. Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 61, No. 6, 2008, U of Chicago Law & Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 367, Tulane Public Law Research Paper No. 07-03, U of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper No. 187, 2nd Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=988168

Jonathan Nash (Contact Author)

Emory University School of Law ( email )

1301 Clifton Road
Atlanta, GA 30322
United States

Rafael I. Pardo

Washington University in St. Louis - School of Law ( email )

Anheuser-Busch Hall 585
1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1120
St. Louis, MO 63130
United States

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