Organizational Management: A Study on Middle Managers, Gender, and Emotional Intelligence Levels

Abstract

As organizations continuously evolve, it is important to know who can lead and manage an organization to be effective, efficient, and productive. Managers with uman skills are needed to help an organization mature and develop; just like a toddler needs a parent to help him or her mature and develop into an independent, sustainable, and self-sufficient adult. This study on 200 middle managers shows that female middle managers have higher emotional intelligence kills when compared to male middle managers, and that those who have more managerial experience have had more time to enhance their emotional intelligence skills. Implications for researchers, managers, and human resource professionals are considered.

Keywords: Managers, Emotional Intelligence, Gender, Glass Ceiling