Israel’s Seizure of the Gaza-Bound Flotilla: Applicable Laws and Legality

13 Pages Posted: 20 Oct 2010 Last revised: 22 Oct 2014

See all articles by Craig Scott

Craig Scott

York University - Osgoode Hall Law School

Date Written: October 19, 2010

Abstract

The present working paper analyzes the applicable laws and legality of Israel’s naval blockade on Gaza and of the enforcement of that blockade through the seizure of a number of vessels, notably the Mavi Marmara, on May 31, 2010. It includes a comparison between that analysis and the analysis of the just-released (September 27, 2010) Report of the international fact-finding mission to investigate violations of international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, resulting from the Israeli attacks on the flotilla of ships carrying humanitarian assistance. This three-member mission was chaired by Judge Karl T. Hudson-Phillips, Q.C., retired Judge of the International Criminal Court and former Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago. Its mission was established by the UN Human Rights Council in resolution 14/1 of 2 June 2010. Suggestions are made about questions of law to which two remaining panels or commissions of inquiry may wish to give special attention. One such question is whether or not a belligerent right of visit of vessels for purposes of arms interdiction requires a naval blockade first to be in place. A second question meriting further attention is how to think about the interaction of personal rights of self-defence of both the passengers aboard the ships and the soldiers ordered to seize the ships, in terms of the analysis of the necessity and proportionality of specific actions taken by Israeli soldiers. A third question is whether, without addressing the matter in any detail, the Hudson-Phillips report unhelpfully blurred the jus in bello right of visit within the laws of war and the jus ad bellum right of states to self-defence. The first of these two other commissions is the four-member Panel of Inquiry established by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, with the support of the UN Security Council; that panel is chaired by the former Prime Minister of New Zealand, Geoffrey Palmer, and vice-chaired by the former President of Colombia, Alvaro Uribe, and also includes panel members from Israel and Turkey. The second is Israel’s own “Public Commission to Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010” chaired by retired Israeli Supreme Court justice, Judge Jacob Terkul, and including as non-voting observers Northern Ireland’s former First Minister, Lord William David Trimble, and a former Judge Advocate General for Canada, Brigadier General (retired) Ken Watkin.

Keywords: Israel, Gaza, Law of the sea, Blockade, Naval blockade, Warfare, Laws of war, International humanitarian law, International human rights law, Use of force, International commissions, Security Council, right of visit, Arms interdiction, Self-defence, Self-defense, Enforcement jurisdiction, High seas,

JEL Classification: K39

Suggested Citation

Scott, Craig M., Israel’s Seizure of the Gaza-Bound Flotilla: Applicable Laws and Legality (October 19, 2010). Osgoode CLPE Research Paper No. 42/2010, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1694682 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1694682

Craig M. Scott (Contact Author)

York University - Osgoode Hall Law School ( email )

Canada

HOME PAGE: http://craigscott.ndp.ca

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