A Tisket, a Tasket: Basketing and Corporate Tax Shelters

Washington University Law Review, Vol. 88, p. 557, 2011

Indiana Legal Studies Research Paper No. 175

53 Pages Posted: 16 Jul 2010 Last revised: 11 Jul 2013

See all articles by Leandra Lederman

Leandra Lederman

Indiana University Maurer School of Law

Date Written: 2011

Abstract

In an income tax system that comported with the economic, or Haig-Simons, definition of income, deductible expenses would not face source-based limitations. A true Haig-Simons income tax system therefore would not take the schedular approach of sorting different types of expenses and losses into distinct conceptual “baskets” containing corresponding types of income. Practical realities often require departing from the Haig-Simons norm, however. The U.S. federal income tax system does require individuals to basket a number of types of expenses and losses. For example, individuals’ passive activity losses can only be deducted from passive income gains. By contrast, most corporations taxed under Subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code are not subject to many of these restrictions. Thus, corporations generally can deduct their passive/investment expenses and losses from their active business income. That ability allowed the creation of infamous tax strategies such as Son-of-BOSS and the CINS contingent installment sale shelter.

As a device to prevent the resurgence of abusive tax shelters, the article proposes to extend to the domestic corporate context the passive/active distinction that already exists for individuals. If corporations’ passive-source expenses and losses were required to be basketed with their passive income (such as income from interest; dividends; and rents and royalties, other than those produced by an active business), many abusive tax shelters involving financial products would not work. The article also considers the three principal objections to the proposal - that it is overbroad, underinclusive, and too complex - arguing that the proposal is tailored so as to minimize these costs.

Keywords: Income taxation, corporate tax, tax shelters, basketing, passive activity losses, schedular taxation

JEL Classification: K22, K34, K42

Suggested Citation

Lederman, Leandra, A Tisket, a Tasket: Basketing and Corporate Tax Shelters (2011). Washington University Law Review, Vol. 88, p. 557, 2011, Indiana Legal Studies Research Paper No. 175, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1639557

Leandra Lederman (Contact Author)

Indiana University Maurer School of Law ( email )

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United States
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HOME PAGE: http://www.law.indiana.edu/people/lederman

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