Warnings of Adverse Side-Effects Can Backfire Over Time

12 Pages Posted: 28 Sep 2020

See all articles by Yael Steinhart

Yael Steinhart

Independent

Ziv Carmon

INSEAD

Yaacov Trope

NYU Stern School of Business

Date Written: July 15, 2013

Abstract

Warnings that a promoted product can have adverse side effects (e.g., smoking cigarettes can cause cancer) should dampen the product’s allure. We predicted that with temporal distance (e.g., when an ad relates to future consumption or was viewed some time earlier), this common type of warning can have a worrisome alternative consequence: It can ironically boost the product’s appeal. Building on construal-level theory, we argue that this is because temporal distance evokes high-level construal, which deemphasizes side effects and emphasizes message trustworthiness. In four studies, we demonstrated this phenomenon. For example, participants could buy cigarettes or artificial sweeteners after viewing an ad promoting the product. Immediately afterward, the quantity participants bought predictably decreased if the ad they saw included a warning about adverse side effects. With temporal distance (product to be delivered 3 months later, or ad viewed 2 weeks after the ad was viewed), however, participants who had seen an ad noting the benefits of the product but warning of risky side effects bought more than those who had seen an ad noting only benefits.

Suggested Citation

Steinhart, Yael and Carmon, Ziv and Trope, Yaacov, Warnings of Adverse Side-Effects Can Backfire Over Time (July 15, 2013). INSEAD Working Paper No. 2013/84/MKT, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2293818

Yael Steinhart

Independent ( email )

Ziv Carmon (Contact Author)

INSEAD ( email )

1 Ayer Rajah Ave
Singapore, 138676
Singapore

Yaacov Trope

NYU Stern School of Business ( email )

Bobst Library, E-resource Acquisitions
20 Cooper Square 3rd Floor
New York, NY 10003-711
United States

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