• Selected
• Entire List

Abstract:
This paper reviews the literature and evidence of tax incentives offered by developing countries to attract foreign investment. Also reviews the consequences of the implementation of these measures, such as harmful tax competition, erosion of tax bases and many other issues arising from these provisions. Additionally, reviews the arguments supporting tax incentives from developing countries, and also the arguments against these fiscal provisions. Developing countries usually face many problems that are not necessarily solved through the implementation of tax holidays and other kinds of benefits to foreign investment. The participation of developed countries and international organizations may be required to help developing countries to achieve development.

developing countries, tax incentives, tax holidays, tax sparing

Abstract:
This paper deals with the taxation of athletes and the different legal status of athletes under a contractual relationship (football, soccer, basketball players) and those who are not (golf and tennis players). Additionally, the paper deals with the use of tax havens and other forms to avoid taxation of athletes, especially those independent athletes. Furthermore, the paper analyses the tax regimes of those countries with a high competitive soccer leagues such as Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, France and others. Finally, the paper address a proposal for the taxation of athletes based not only on source or residence for tax purposes, but also based on citizenship.

taxation, athletes, tax havens, tax avoidance, residence, source, citizenship

Abstract:
This paper reviews the literature and evidence on the possibility of allowing a Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) in the US for the Value Added Tax (VAT) paid abroad. Additionally, reviews the differences between Direct and Indirect Taxes towards the allowance of a FTC; the possible inclusion as a tax treaty provision as an aid tool for developing countries; the shiftability issue of the indirect taxes and the limitations imposed by Sec. 901 and 904 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Foreign Tax Credit, VAT, Shiftability

Abstract:
This paper reviews a comprehensive reform to the Venezuelan VAT System, based on the decentralization of the Value Added Tax from the Federal Government to the States Government. Must developing countries face many political, administrative and other issues that hold resources from getting to the population through the established mechanisms. By this reform, the power to regulate, collect and administer the VAT would be transfered to the States Government to promote development throughout the regions. The reform could be on one hand, a risky proposal, but on the other hand a very powerful tool to provide better resources to the States and therefore better services to the population.

Venezuela, Value Added Tax, Development, Reform

Abstract:
This paper reviews the Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) Program in the United States, based on the Internal Revenue Code Revenue Procedure 2006-9 and Announcement 2008-27 and the differences with the APA Program in Venezuela, established in the Venezuelan Income Tax Law. Additionally, the paper proposes improvements to the Venezuelan APA Program modeled after the US APA Program as a way to provide a better service by the Tax Administration in Venezuela for taxpayers looking to obtain an Advance Pricing Agreement.

APA Program, Venezuela

Abstract:
This paper reviews the Report of the High Level Panel on Financing for Development (Zedillo Report) of the United Nations regarding the creation of an International Tax Organization, especially to regulate and collect the Carbon and the Tobin Tax, and to administer the resources from those taxes collection. Additionally, reviews the arguments supporting and against the creation of the International Tax Organization based on the United Nations proposal.

International Tax Organization, developing countries, carbon tax, tobin tax