• Selected
• Entire List

Abstract:
In this paper we describe the evolution of the cruise tourism industry and we analyze different impacts on tourism destinations of this segment of the travel industry. The study includes the discussion of economic, social, environmental, cultural and political effects. We present data to analyze and compare the performance of the main cruise destinations and cruise lines. Analysis and data are based mainly on a selection of information taken from different official worldwide reports (OMT, CTO), press releases and previous studies. The economic impact is estimated from tourist expenditure and local information. Environmental impacts are compiled from historical and current data. We also describe different activities related to the cruise ship industry to identify costs and benefits to different actors of the local economies. From the analysis, we discuss some stylized facts about the cruise ship industry and we show that some optimist evaluations of local decision makers are not completely true.

Cruise Ship Tourism, Socio-Economic Impact, Environmental Impact

Abstract:
In this paper we investigate the contribution of tourism to economic growth in Colombia. We first use the growth of real GDP per capita disaggregating it into economic growth generated by tourism and by other industries. This measure gives information of past performance of tourism in Colombia indicating the fraction of the growth of real GDP that corresponds to tourism activities. Secondly, we analyse the effects of tourism expenditure in Colombia by using quarterly data and the Johansen cointegration test. We show empirical evidence suggesting the existence of one cointegrated vector among real per capita GDP, Colombian tourism expenditure and real exchange rate, where the latter two variables are weakly exogenous to the model. The Granger causality test suggests causality that positively generates in one way from tourism expenditure to real GDP per capita.

tourism impacts, economic growth, GDP, cointegration test, causality test

Abstract:
Cruise tourism generates an estimated $18 billion a year in passenger expenditure and has been the fastest growing sector of the travel industry for the past twenty years with an average annual growth rate of passengers of 7.4%. It has increased at almost twice the rate of growth of tourism overall and this growth is expected to continue in the future. The North American cruise industry is the dominant in this market with 12 million of passengers embarked in the US ports. The Caribbean region, continue being the most preferred cruise destination; according to FCCA statistics, accounting for 41.02% of all itineraries. The cruise passenger arrivals in the Caribbean region increased from 3 million in 1980 to more than 25 million in 2007. Cruise tourism can provide economic benefits to a local economy but the impacts of this activity are not well understood and have been neglected in the literature. In this paper the social, cultural, political economic and environmental impacts of cruise tourism are estimated. We describe the evolution of the cruise tourism industry and we review the experiences of different tourism cruise destinations. We present data to analyze and compare the performance of the main cruise destinations and cruise lines. We also describe different activities associated to the cruise ship industry to identify costs and benefits for the actors of the local economies. A case study is used to illustrate cost and benefits and the different impacts of cruises. This study aims to provide a critical viewpoint of how tourism destinations are transformed by the arrival of an increasing number of cruises.

cruise industry, economic impact, environmental impact

Abstract:
In a recent work, Ivanov and Webster (2007) present a methodology for measuring the contribution of tourism to economic growth and apply this methodology to the cases of Cyprus, Greece and Spain. The method uses the growth of real GDP per capita as a measure of economic growth and disaggregates it into economic growth generated by tourism and economic growth generated by other industries. Our paper selects the group of countries with larger numbers of visitors, including Spain, France, Italy, UK and USA. This allows us to establish a first comparison based on geographical parameters since in Brida et al (2007) the same methodology was applied to different Latin American countries.

tourism impacts, economic growth, GDP

Abstract:
Cruise tourism generates an estimated $18 billion a year in passenger expenditure and has been the fastest growing sector of the travel industry for the past twenty years with an average annual growth rate of passengers of 7.4%. Cruises can provide economic benefits to a local economy but the impacts of this activity are not well understood and have been neglected in the literature. The purpose of this study is to provide information, based on primary investigation, to help the decision making process and the establishment of policies and strategies for cruise ship tourism. We focus on the case of Costa Rica using data collected by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute during the period 2006 - 2008.

cruise industry, economic impacts, Costa Rica

Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of tourism to economic growth in Colombia. First , we conduce an ex-post analysis. We quantify the contribution of the tourism sector to economic growth from the early 1990's until 2006 by disaggregating the growth of real GDP per capita into economic growth generated by tourism and by other industries. Second, we analyze if international tourism is a strategic factor for long-run economic growth for Colombia. This believes that tourism can cause long-run economic growth it is known in the literature as the tourism-led growth hypothesis. The hypotheses is tested empirically by using the cointegration test by Johansen and the Granger Causality test. We find empirical evidence for one cointegrated vector among real GDP per capita, Colombian tourism expenditures and real exchange rates, where the latter two variables are weakly exogenous to the model. The Granger causality test suggests that causality in this model goes from tourism expenditures to real GDP per capita.

tourism impacts, economic growth, GDP, cointegration test, causality test