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Resolving the National Banking System Note-Issue PuzzleBruce A. ChampFederal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Neil WallacePennsylvania State University, College of the Liberal Arts - Department of Economic December 2003 FRB of Cleveland Working Paper No. 03-16 Abstract: Under the National Banking System, 1863-1914, national banks that deposited sufficient collateral could issue notes provided they paid a tax on notes in circulation: 1 percent per year before 1900 and 1/2 percent thereafter. Because note issue was far below the allowed maximum, an arbitrage argument predicts that short-term nominal interest rates should have been bounded above by the tax rate. They were not. That is the note-issue puzzle. Our resolution takes the form of a model in which notes play a role, but in which the profitability of note issue is not tied to anything that resembles a market rate of interest.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 17 Keywords: bank notes, National Banking System, interest rates, random matching model JEL Classification: E42, N11 working papers seriesDate posted: November 2, 2007Suggested CitationContact Information
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