Islamic Mutual Funds' Financial Performance and Investment Style: Evidence from 20 Countries

Abstract:     
We contribute to the investment literature by pursuing the first sophisticated, large scale analysis of a strongly growing mutual fund type: Islamic funds. Despite hundreds of Islamic funds exist the few previous studies investigate the financial performance of less than 60 and the investment style of 6 funds. Based on unique data access, we analyse the financial performance and investment style of 262 Islamic equity funds from twenty countries. We develop a (conditional) three level Carhart model to simultaneously control for their exposure to different national, regional and global equity markets and investment styles. Our findings are fourfold. First, Islamic funds from eight (mainly western) nations significantly underperform their international equity market benchmarks, while funds from only three nations do the opposite. Second, Islamic funds generally prefer small stocks but have no preference for other investment styles. Third, Islamic funds from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or Malaysia neither significantly underperform nor clearly prefer small stocks. These three findings have some theoretical appeal, as Islamic funds’ investment universe is limited to Shari’ah law compliant companies, which are more likely small and present in economies with a higher density of Muslims. Fourth, we find some evidence that Islamic equity funds exhibit a hedging function, as their investment universe is limited to low debt/equity ratio stocks.

Keywords: Carhart model, investment, Islamic banking and finance, Islamic mutual funds, recession hedge, religious investment

JEL Classifications: C22, F21, G01, G10, G11, G32, Z12

Working Paper Series