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Marital History, Race, and Social Security Spouse and Widow Benefit Eligibility in the United States
Christopher R. Tamborini U.S. Social Security Administration Howard Iams U.S. Social Security Administration Kevin Whitman U.S. Social Security Administration Research on Aging, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 577-605 Abstract: Large-scale changes in American family structures over the past decades have important implications for the retirement experiences of women. In this study, the authors use a restricted-use file of the Marital History Module of the U.S. Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation to investigate changes in the marital histories of women aged 40 to 69 years between 1990 and 2004, with a focus on outcomes relevant for Social Security spouse and widow benefit eligibility. Multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses show significant changes in women's marital patterns since 1990, with more substantial shifts occurring among recent cohorts. Due to downward trends in marriage, the authors find a modest decline in Social Security spouse and widow benefit eligibility in 2004, particularly among Black women born toward the end of the baby boom generation.
Keywords: Social Security, women, marriage, race JEL Classifications: D60, J10, J11 Accepted Paper SeriesDate posted: November 02, 2009 ; Last revised: November 07, 2009Suggested CitationContact Information
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