Orphans at Risk in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence on Educational and Health Outcomes

Abstract:     
In this paper, we examine how orphanhood affects children’s educational and health outcomes in eleven sub-Saharan African countries. Our analysis is based on a comparison of orphans and non-orphaned children living under the same conditions. We also examine the impacts of various family structures and compare social orphans (non-orphaned children not living with a biological parent) to orphans. Using household fixed-effects estimation, we provide evidence that children not living with a biological parent lag behind in education and are more often malnourished and stunted. Educational gaps are particularly evident among orphans and social orphans not living with a mother. The effect of paternal death or absence is rather modest in most countries.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 37

Keywords: Orphans, Family Structure, Human Capital, Sub-Saharan Africa, Fixed-Effects

JEL Classification: I12, I21, J24

working papers series