Climate Change, the Clean Air Act, and Industrial Pollution

71 Pages Posted: 17 Apr 2012 Last revised: 13 Jul 2012

See all articles by Alice Kaswan

Alice Kaswan

University of San Francisco - School of Law

Date Written: 2012

Abstract

EPA has braved controversy by applying the Clean Air Act (CAA) to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stationary sources, including utilities and industry. Because GHG controls inevitably affect combustion, they will impact traditional pollutants (termed “co-pollutants”). The article first argues, as a threshold matter, that co-pollutant consequences are relevant to climate policy choices, and that considering those consequences will lead to improved environmental, administrative, and economic outcomes. It then reviews the CAA’s stationary source provisions and EPA’s implementation of them to date, discussing both the CAA’s potential and its limitations.

Moving beyond the CAA on its own terms, the article then engages one of the primary controversies surrounding the CAA: its use of direct regulation rather than a market-based approach. It evaluates the co-pollutant consequences of this choice and concludes that sweeping generalizations are impossible; each approach offers co-pollutant advantages and disadvantages, many of which depend upon specific implementation details.

Lastly, the article discusses how applying the CAA to GHGs will give EPA unprecedented authority to address existing emissions sources under CAA section 111(d). The article frames the critical policy choices EPA faces and highlights the dramatic implications they have for both GHG and co-pollutants.

Keywords: environmental law, climate change, global warming, Clean Air Act, air pollution, cap-and-trade, regulatory policy, environmental justice, co-pollutants

JEL Classification: D63, K32, L94, O33, Q25, Q48

Suggested Citation

Kaswan, Alice, Climate Change, the Clean Air Act, and Industrial Pollution (2012). UCLA Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, Vol. 30, 2012, Univ. of San Francisco Law Research Paper No. 2012-13, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2041677

Alice Kaswan (Contact Author)

University of San Francisco - School of Law ( email )

2130 Fulton Street
San Francisco, CA 94117
United States
(415) 422-5053 (Phone)

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