Scale versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor
69 Pages Posted: 8 Nov 2014 Last revised: 9 Dec 2017
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Scale versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor
Scale Versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor
Date Written: October 2, 2017
Abstract
Using the farm tractor as a case study, I show that lags in technology diffusion arise along two distinct margins, which I term scale and scope. Though tractors are now used in nearly every agricultural field operation and in the production of nearly all crops, they first developed with much more limited application. Early diffusion was accordingly rapid in these narrower applications, but limited in scope until tractor technology generalized. The sequence of diffusion is consistent with a model of R&D in specific- versus general-purpose attributes and with other historical examples, suggesting that the key to understanding technology diffusion lies not only in explaining the number of different users, but also in explaining the number of different uses.
Keywords: Technology diffusion; Spatial technology diffusion; Farm tractors; R&D; General-purpose technologies
JEL Classification: N52, O13, O32, O33, Q16
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation