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Gender and Corruption


Anand Swamy


Williams College

Young Lee


University of Maryland - Center on Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector (IRIS)

Omar Azfar


University of Maryland - Center on Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector (IRIS)

Stephen Knack


World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)

November 1999

IRIS Center Working Paper No. 232

Abstract:     
Using several independent data sets, we investigate an aspect of corruption that has received little attention: its differential incidence by gender. We show using micro data that women are less involved in bribery, and are less likely to condone bribe taking. Cross-country data show that corruption is less severe where women comprise a larger share of the labor force, and where women hold a larger share of parliamentary seats.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 33

Keywords: gender, corruption, women

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Date posted: February 15, 2001  

Suggested Citation

Swamy, Anand V., Lee, Young, Azfar, Omar and Knack, Stephen, Gender and Corruption (November 1999). IRIS Center Working Paper No. 232. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=260062 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.260062

Contact Information

Anand V. Swamy
Williams College ( email )
Williamstown, MA 01267
United States
Young Lee
University of Maryland - Center on Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector (IRIS)
2105 Morrill Hall
College Park, MD 20742
United States
Omar Azfar (Contact Author)
University of Maryland - Center on Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector (IRIS) ( email )
2105 Morrill Hall
College Park, MD 20742
United States
Stephen Knack
World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) ( email )
1818 H. Street, N.W.
MSN3-311
Washington, DC 20433
United States
202-458-9712 (Phone)
HOME PAGE: http://econ.worldbank.org/staff/sknack
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