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What Accounts for International Differences in Student Performance? A Re-Examination Using PISA Data
Ludger Woessmann Ifo Institute for Economic Research; Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute for Economic Research); University of Munich - Ifo Institute for Economic Research Thomas Fuchs Ifo Institute for Economic Research September 2004 IZA Discussion Paper No. 1287; CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1235 Abstract: We use the PISA student-level achievement database to estimate international education production functions. Student characteristics, family backgrounds, home inputs, resources, teachers and institutions are all significantly related to math, science and reading achievement. Our models account for more than 85 percent of the between-country performance variation, with roughly 25 percent accruing to institutional variation. Student performance is higher with external exams and budget formulation, but also with school autonomy in textbook choice, hiring teachers and within-school budget allocations. School autonomy is more beneficial in systems with external exit exams. Students perform better in privately operated schools, but private funding is not decisive.
Keywords: education production function, PISA, international variation in student performance, institutional effects in schooling JEL Classifications: I28, J24, H52, L33 Working Paper SeriesDate posted: August 06, 2004 ; Last revised: June 03, 2005Suggested CitationContact Information
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