GM Food Crop Technology: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract:     
The first generation of genetically modified (GM) crop varieties sought to increase farmer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields. The next generation of GM food research is focusing also on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers, beginning with 'golden rice', which has been genetically engineered to contain a higher level of vitamin A and, thereby, boost the health of unskilled laborers in developing countries. This Paper analyzes empirically the potential economic effects of adopting both types of innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It does so using the global economy-wide computable general equilibrium model known as GTAP. The results suggest the welfare gains are potentially very large, especially from golden rice, and that those benefits are diminished only slightly by the presence of the European Union's current ban on imports of GM foods. In particular, if SSA countries impose bans on GM crop imports in an attempt to maintain access to EU markets for non-GM products, the loss to domestic consumers due to that protectionism boost to SSA farmers is far more than the small gain in terms of greater market access to the EU.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 32

Keywords: Biotechnology, GMOs, trade policy, regulation, computable general equilibrium, Sub-Saharan Africa

JEL Classification: C68, D58, F13, O30, Q17, Q18

working papers series