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Allocation and Productivity of Time in New Ventures of Female and Male Entrepreneurs

I. Verheul
Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Erasmus School of Economics (ESE); Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) - Joint Research Institute of Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) and Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), EUR

Martin A. Carree
University of Maastricht - Department of Organization & Strategy

Roy Thurik
Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Centre for Advanced Small Business Economics (CASBEC); Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) - Joint Research Institute of Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) and Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), EUR; EIM Netherlands - Business and Policy Research; Tinbergen Institute

May 2007, 02

ERIM Report Series Reference No. ERS-2007-009-ORG

Abstract:
This paper investigates time allocation decisions in new ventures of female and male entrepreneurs using a model that distinguishes between effects of preferences and productivity on the number of working hours. Using data of 1,158 entrepreneurs we find that the preference for work time in new ventures relates to start-up motivation, propensity to take risk and availability of other income. Productivity of work time relates to human, financial and social capital endowments and the prevalence of outsourcing activities. This study also evaluates actual profit effects one year after start-up. We find that on average women invest less time in the business than men. This can be attributed to both a lower preference for work time (driven by risk aversion and availability of other income) and a lower productivity per hour worked (due to lower endowments of human, social and financial capital).

Keywords: time allocation, new ventures, gender, productivity, preferences

JEL Classifications: M, M13, O32, L23

Working Paper Series

Date posted: March 07, 2007 ; Last revised: November 10, 2009

Suggested Citation

Verheul, I., Carree, Martin A. and Thurik, Roy, Allocation and Productivity of Time in New Ventures of Female and Male Entrepreneurs (May 2007, 02). ERIM Report Series Reference No. ERS-2007-009-ORG. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=968851

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Contact Information

Ingrid Verheul (Contact Author) Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) ( email ) Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam NL 3062 PA Netherlands +31 10 4081398 (Phone) +31 10 4089146 (Fax)
Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) - Joint Research Institute of Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) and Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), EUR P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam Netherlands
Martin A. Carree University of Maastricht - Department of Organization & Strategy ( email ) P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht Netherlands
Roy Thurik Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Centre for Advanced Small Business Economics (CASBEC) ( email ) 3000 DR Rotterdam Netherlands +31 10 408 2232 (Phone) +31 10 408 9146 (Fax) HOME PAGE: http://www.thurik.com
Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) - Joint Research Institute of Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) and Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), EUR ( email ) P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam Netherlands
EIM Netherlands - Business and Policy Research Postbus 7001 2701 AA Zoetermeer Netherlands +31 79 341 3634 (Phone) +31 79 331 3742 (Fax)
Tinbergen Institute ( email ) Burg. Oudlaan 50 Rotterdam 3062 PA Netherlands

Abstract

References (91)

Citations (1)

Date posted: March 07, 2007 ; Last revised: November 10, 2009

Suggested Citation

Contact Information

Ingrid Verheul (Contact Author)

Martin A. Carree

Roy Thurik