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Nudging Turnout: Mere Measurement and Implementation Planning of Intentions to Vote
Daniel G. Goldstein London Business School Kosuke Imai Princeton University - Department of Politics Anja S. Göritz University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Peter M. Gollwitzer New York University - Department of Psychology March 26, 2007 Abstract: Randomized experiments, conducted during the 2006 US midterm election and the 2005 German federal election, examined the impact on voter turnout of two simple treatments. The effects of a mere measurement treatment (asking people if they intend to vote) and an implementation intentions treatment (asking people how they intend to vote), were estimated for both one-shot goals (e.g., voting on Election Day) and open-ended goals (e.g., voting early) with deadlines in either days or months in the future. Mere measurement increased voter turnout for open-ended goals and for proximal one-shot goals but not for distant one-shot goals. Implementation intentions increased voter turnout for both open-ended and one-shot goals in the near and long term.
Keywords: mere measurement, implementation intentions, voting, turnout, elections, surveys JEL Classifications: C11, C93, D72 Working Paper SeriesDate posted: March 30, 2007 ; Last revised: September 29, 2008Suggested CitationContact Information
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