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America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Part I

Vivek Wadhwa
Duke University - Pratt School of Engineering; Harvard University - Labor and Worklife Program

AnnaLee Saxenian
University of California, Berkeley - School of Information

Ben Rissing
Harvard Law School - Labor and Worklife Program; Duke University - Pratt School of Engineering - Master of Engineering Management Program

Gary Gereffi
Duke University - Department of Sociology - Director, Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness

January 4, 2007

Duke Science, Technology & Innovation Paper No. 23

Abstract:
This purpose of this research was to assess the contribution of skilled immigrants in the creation of engineering and technology businesses and intellectual property in the United States. We found there was at least one immigrant key founder in 25.3% of all engineering and technology companies established in the U.S. between 1995 and 2005 inclusive. We estimate that together, this pool of immigrant-founded companies was responsible for generating more than $52 billion in 2005 sales and creating just under 450,000 jobs as of 2005. This research shows that immigrants have become a significant driving force in the creation of new businesses and intellectual property in the U.S. and that their contributions have increased over the past decade.

Keywords: entrepreneur, immigrant, high tech, patent, regional development

Working Paper Series

Date posted: June 11, 2007 ; Last revised: September 14, 2007

Suggested Citation

Wadhwa, Vivek, Saxenian, AnnaLee, Rissing, Ben and Gereffi, Gary, America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Part I (January 4, 2007). Duke Science, Technology & Innovation Paper No. 23. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=990152

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Contact Information

Vivek Wadhwa (Contact Author) Duke University - Pratt School of Engineering ( email ) Durham, NC 27708 United States
Harvard University - Labor and Worklife Program ( email ) 125 Mt. Auburn St., 3rd Floor Cambridge, MA 02138 United States
Gary Gereffi Duke University - Department of Sociology - Director, Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness ( email ) Box 90088 Durham, NC 27708-0204 United States 919-660-5880 (Phone) 919-684-2855 (Fax)
Ben Rissing Harvard Law School - Labor and Worklife Program ( email ) 1575 Massachusetts Hauser 406 Cambridge, MA 02138 United States 703-600-9239 (Phone)
Duke University - Pratt School of Engineering - Master of Engineering Management Program ( email ) Durham, NC 27708-0204 United States
AnnaLee Saxenian University of California, Berkeley - School of Information ( email ) 102 South Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-4600 United States