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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON EMPLOYMENT & LABOR LAW ABSTRACTS"Assessing Post-ADA Employment: Some Econometric Evidence and Policy Considerations"
JOHN J. DONOHUE, Yale Law School, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) In this article, we offer innovative analysis and additional evidence on the relationship between the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") and the relative labor market outcomes for people with disabilities, the very class protected by its landmark provisions. Using individual-level longitudinal data from 1981 to 1996 derived from the previously unexploited Panel Study of Income Dynamics ("PSID"), we examine the possible effect of the ADA on (1) annual weeks worked; (2) annual earnings; and (3) hourly wages for a sample of 7120 unique male household heads between the ages of 21 and 65 as well as a subset of 1147 individuals appearing every year from 1981 to 1986. Our analysis of the larger sample suggests the ADA had a negative impact on the employment levels of disabled persons relative to non-disabled persons but no impact on relative earnings. However, our evaluation of the restricted sample raises questions about these findings. Using these data, we find little evidence of adverse effects on weeks worked but strong evidence of wage declines for the disabled, albeit declines beginning in 1986, well before the ADA's passage. These results therefore cast doubt on the adverse ADA-related impacts found in previous studies, particularly Acemoglu and Angrist (2001). The conflicting narratives that emerge from our analysis shed new light on, but also counsel caution in reaching final conclusions about, the impact of the ADA on employment outcomes for people with disabilities. "(A-)Typical and (In-)Secure? Social Protection and Non-Standard Forms of Employment in Europe"
KARIN SCHULZE BUSCHOFF, affiliation not provided to SSRN Atypical forms of employment (part-time work, mini-jobs, fixed-term contracts and solo self-employment) have gained in importance overall in recent years in many European countries. They are often part of an irregular career pattern and carry a high risk of unemployment. In a 6-country comparison (Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Denmark and Poland) we consider whether and in what way national social protection laws cover the various forms of non-standard employment and the specific risks these entail. Significant variations were found in coverage standards and practices between countries as well as substantial variability within countries in their responses to different types of non-standard employment. A need for further and improved coordination of both social legislation and tax law is identified. "The Rise (and Fall) of Labour Market Programmes: Domestic vs. Global Factors"
NOEL GASTON, Bond University - Faculty of Business, Technology and Sustainable Development We provide a simple model to illustrate that tax and redistributive considerations as well as increasing globalization may lead workers unexposed to the threat of unemployment to prefer government spending on active labour market programmes to passive spending, e.g., on unemployment benefits. In the empirical work, panel data for OECD countries are used to examine the relationship between active and passive labour market spending and various controls relevant for analysing the political economy of labour market policies. Overall, we find that domestic concerns, such as government indebtedness, are far more important determinants of labour market expenditures than global influences.
PIERRE LEFEBVRE, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM) - Department of Economics This paper shows that a temporary incentive to join the labor market or to work more can also produce substantial life-cycle labor supply effects. On September 1997, a new childcare policy was initiated by the provincial government of Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada. Licensed and regulated providers of childcare services began offering day care spaces at the subsidized fee of $5 per day per child for children aged 4. In successive years, the government reduced the age requirement, created new childcare facilities and spaces, and paid for the additional costs entailed by this low-fee policy. No such important policy changes for preschool (including kindergarten) children were enacted in the nine other Canadian provinces over the years 1997 to 2004. Using annual data drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey on Labour and Income Dynamic and a difference-in-differences quasi-experimental methodology, the paper estimates the dynamic labor supply effects of the program. The results demonstrate that the policy had long-term labor supply effects on mothers who benefited from the program when their child was less than 6. A striking feature of the results is that they are driven by changes in the labor supply of less educated mothers. | |||||||||
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Solicitation of Abstracts
The Economic Perspectives on Employment and Labor Law Journal publishes abstracts and articles that apply the tools of economics to any aspect of individual or collective employment relations. Topics include issues such as the employment effects of minimum wage laws, racial and gender disparities in wages or employment, the union wage differential, employment and unemployment rates, and the influence of labor market regulation on productivity and turnover. The Journal welcomes abstracts, full-text working papers, and forthcoming or recently published articles and book chapters.
Distribution ServicesIf your Institution is interested in learning more about increasing readership for its research by becoming a Partner in Publishing or starting a Research Paper Series, please email: Management@SSRN.com. Distributed by:Advisory BoardEconomic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law DREW S. DAYS, III JOHN J. DONOHUE CYNTHIA L. ESTLUND SAMUEL ESTREICHER SAMUEL ISSACHAROFF VICKI SCHULTZ STEWART J. SCHWAB ROBERT J. SMITH, ESQ.
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