ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОЇ ВАРТИ В УКРАЇНІ (The Legal Basis for the Formation of the Municipal Guard in Ukraine)

Abstract

Russian Abstract: У статті проаналізовано нормативно-правові засади становлення муніципальної варти в Україні на сучасному етапі державотворення. Здійснено дослідження положень Конституції України, національного та міжнародного законодавства, на підставі чого автор доходить висновку, що на сьогодні є чотири базові рівні (конституційний, законодавчий, міжнародний та локальний) правового забезпечення створення та діяльності муніципальної варти в Україні.

English Abstract: Significant changes in the social, political, economic and other areas of life in Ukraine created conditions for further democratization and humanization of society, enhancing the protection of human rights and freedoms in accordance with the requirements of international legal acts and state obligations to the European community. These transformations are impossible without a strong and stable rule of law at both the national and local levels. The Constitution of Ukraine and other regulatory legal acts impose the obligation of law enforcement not only to state bodies, but also to local governments. This underlines the relevance of the study of the regulatory framework for the formation of a new law enforcement unit in Ukraine, namely the municipal police.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the regulatory framework of the municipal police (guard), to determine the levels of legal support for the creation and functioning of the municipal guard in Ukraine.

The study also considered the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine as a fundamental document in the formation of any body and subdivision in the state. The rules, which regulate the ensuring by the municipal guard the rights and freedoms of persons who live in the territory of a community (united territorial community) were singled out.

During the examination of the legislative level of the formation of the municipal guard, particular attention was given to the draft law “On the Municipal Guard” and legislative support for the activities of municipal parking inspectors.

In the course of the international level studies, attention was paid to the acts of the Council of Europe on the implementation of policing at the local level.

The author studied the local level from the angle of the normative regulation of the creation and functioning of the municipal guard by the territorial community. The most progressive form was singled out, that is the Charter of the territorial community, in which the provisions on the municipal guard are fixed.

Having analysed the Constitution of Ukraine, national and international legislation the author concludes that legal framework for the establishment and operation of the municipal guard in Ukraine are built on 4 basic levels:

1. The constitutional level (basic norms and law enforcement norms).

2. Legislative level (norms-prohibitions and regulatory standards).

3. International level (international norms and standards, international acts for maintaining public order).

4. Local level (charters of local communities, decisions of local councils on the establishment of a municipal guard, local acts on the empowerment of the municipal guard). Improving of the legal framework for the formation and development of the municipal guard in Ukraine, in particular the draft law “On the Municipal Guard”, is the subject of further research.

Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.

Keywords: legal basis; analyse; municipal guard; formation; basic levels