Упорство в истине: философия и политика Махатмы Ганди (Holding Onto Truth: Philosophy and Policy of Mahatma Gandhi)

Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия Философия. Психология. Педагогика. 2019 ( в печати)

9 Pages Posted: 11 Jun 2019

See all articles by Dmitry Mikhel

Dmitry Mikhel

INION of Russian academy of science; Russian Presidential academy of national economy and public administration; Institute of World History of Russian academy of science; Institute of Philosphy of Russian academy of science

Irina Mikhel

Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA) - Moscow Campus; Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences (Russian academy of science)

Date Written: May 25, 2019

Abstract

Russian Abstract: Статья посвящена осмыслению концепции «упорства в истине» (сатьяграхи), которая была разработана Махатмой Ганди в процессе его борьбы против британского расизма и колониализма. Цель состоит в том, чтобы проанализировать становление философии сатьяграхи в контексте жизненного пути Ганди и его политической деятельности. Новизна предлагаемого подхода определяется стремлением авторов рассмотреть философию сатьяграхи в сопоставлении с тезисом К. Маркса о том, что философия способна изменять мир. По итогам исследования авторы приходят к следующим выводам. На становление философских представлений Ганди повлияли его религиозные воззрения, которые начали формироваться в период его учебы в Англии, а также события, случившиеся в 1893 г. в Южной Африке, когда он впервые стал жертвой расо-вых предрассудков. Отчетливое осознание значения сатьяграхи утвердилось у Ганди в 1906 г. в период борьбы против дискриминационного «Черного закона», принятого властями Трансвааля. Становление философии сатьяграхи совпало с процессом духовной трансформации Ганди и его превращения из законопослушного британского джентльмена в сатьяграха – субъекта, упорного в истине. Развитие принципов сатьяграхи совпало с борьбой за «Хинд Сварадж» – самоуправление, а затем и независимость для Индии. В ходе борьбы за сварадж, которая продолжалась более тридцать лет, философия сатьяграхи стала основой политической деятельности и смогла изменить мир, не разжигая насилия.

English Abstract: The article is devoted to understanding the concept of "holding onto truth" (Satyagraha), which was developed by Mahatma Gandhi in the process of his struggle against British racism and colonialism. The goal is to analyze the formation of the Satyagraha philosophy in the context of the life path of Gandhi and his political activities. The novelty of the proposed approach is determined by the desire of the authors to consider the philosophy of Satyagraha in comparison with the thesis of K. Marx that philosophy can change the world. According to the results of the study, the authors come to the fol-lowing conclusions. The formation of the philosophical ideas of Gandhi was influenced by his religious beliefs, which began to form during his studies in England, as well as the events that occurred in 1893 in South Africa, when he first fell victim to racial prejudice. A clear awareness of the meaning of the Satyagraha was affirmed by Gandhi in 1906 during the period of the struggle against the discriminatory “Black Law” adopted by the authorities of the Transvaal. The emergence of the Satyagraha philosophy coincided with the process of the spiritual transformation of Gandhi and his transfor-mation from a law-abiding British gentleman into a Satyagrahi, or subject holding onto truth. The development of the principles of Satyagraha coincided with the struggle for the “Hind Swaraj” – Indian home rule, and then independence for India. During the struggle for Swaraj, which lasted for more than thirty years, the philosophy of Satyagraha became the basis of political activity and the ability to change the world without inciting violence.

Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.

Keywords: Mahatma Gandhi, India, philosophy, politics, Satyagraha, holding onto truth

Suggested Citation

Mikhel, Dmitry and Mikhel, Irina, Упорство в истине: философия и политика Махатмы Ганди (Holding Onto Truth: Philosophy and Policy of Mahatma Gandhi) (May 25, 2019). Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия Философия. Психология. Педагогика. 2019 ( в печати), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3394202 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3394202

Dmitry Mikhel

INION of Russian academy of science ( email )

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Irina Mikhel (Contact Author)

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