Fabrication of Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified with Mxene/Runps and its Application for the Trace Analysis of Sildenafil

Abstract

BackgroundSildenafil is described to treat impotence and high blood pressure in the lungs, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes and its precise determination is important due to its side effects.MethodsIn this work, initially, the pencil graphite electrode was covered using Ti3C2Tx MXene, and in the second stage, ruthenium nanoparticles were electrochemically placed on the electrode surface, and as a result, a sensor was designed to determine sildenafil using the adsorption differential pulse voltammetry.Significant FindingsSildenafil was evaluated in three different concentration ranges (0.1 to 1.0, 1.0 to 10.0, and 10.0 to 1000.0 nM) under optimal conditions, with a very low detection limit of 0.029 nM. The suggested technique was utilized to determine sildenafil in tablet and blood serum samples and the findings confirmed that the present technique has the required accuracy and sensitivity. Electrode surface morphology was investigated utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Keywords: Ti3C2Tx MXene, Ruthenium nanoparticles, Pencil graphite electrode, Sildenafil, Electrochemical sensor