The Future of Canada-China Relations: Key Takeaways for the Next Five Years

Abstract

Canada's relationship with China stands at a critical inflection point. In the backdrop of intensifying geopolitical rivalry, economic recalibration and shifting global norms, an urgent rethink is required. On October 15, 2025, the University of Alberta hosted a high level Roundtable on the Future of Canada-China Relations, bringing together leading voices from academia, government and industry to evaluate Canada's position across three domains: trade, technology and innovation, and peace and security. The discussion revealed a complex and contested landscape, marked by interdependence, rising authoritarianism and the erosion of multilateral institutions. Experts grappled with key dilemmas, from the severity of technology risks to the challenge of navigating two increasingly assertive superpowers. This brief distills seven strategic takeaways to guide Canadian policymakers, businesses and civil society as they chart pragmatic course through the next phase of Canada-China relations.

Keywords: Canada, China, Foreign Affairs, International Trade, Technology, Research Collaboration, Peace and Security