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SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers: A Retrospective Analysis and Model Simulations of a Nosocomial Outbreak
37 Pages Posted: 9 Apr 2020
More...Abstract
Background: There had been a preliminary occurrence of human-to-human transmissions between healthcare workers (HCWs), but risk factors in the susceptibility for COVID-19, and infection patterns among HCWs have largely remained unknown.
Methods: Retrospective data collection on demographics, lifestyles, contact status with infected subjects for 118 HCWs (include 12 COVID-19 HCWs) from a single-center. Sleep quality and working pressure were evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and The Nurse Stress Index (NSI), respectively. Follow-up duration was from Dec 25, 2019, to Feb 15, 2020. Risk factors and transmission models of COVID-19 among HCWs were analyzed and constructed.
Findings: A high proportion of COVID-19 HCWs had engaged in night shift-work (75.0% vs. 40.6%) and felt they were working under pressure (66.7% vs. 32.1%) than uninfected HCWs. COVID-19 HCWs had higher total scores of PSQI and NSI than uninfected HCWs. Furthermore, these scores were both positively associated with COVID-19 risk. An individual-based model (IBM) estimated the outbreak duration among HCWs in a non-typical COVID-19 ward at 62-80 days and the basic reproduction number =1.27 [1.06, 1.61]. By reducing the average contact rate per HCW by a 1.35 factor and susceptibility by a 1.40 factor, we can avoid an outbreak of the basic case among HCWs.
Interpretation: Poor sleep quality and high working pressure were positively associated with high risks of COVID-19. A novel IBM of COVID-19 transmission is suitable for simulating different outbreak patterns in a hospital setting.
Funding Statement: This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant 2020kfyXGYJ010 to Dr. X. Jiang).
Declaration of Interests: None.
Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the institutional ethics board of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No. 20200029).
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; health care workers; sleep quality; working pressure; individual-based mode
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