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The Immunogenomic Landscape and Immune Cells Infiltration in Bladder Cancer
33 Pages Posted: 29 Jun 2020
More...Abstract
Background: The role of immune cell infiltration in tumour biology and the potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of several cancers have been proved. The immunogenomic landscape and immune cells infiltration need to be comprehensively analysed in bladder cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore the immune-related genes (IRGs) in BC to create a prognostic risk assessment model and gain some insights into the molecular underpinnings of BC.
Methods: Based on the datasets retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified survival-associated IRGs via univariate Cox analysis. Then, we created an immune-related gene-based prognostic factor (IRGPF) and validated it by multivariable Cox analysis. We displayed the profiles of 22 types of immune cells by using CIBERSORT and explored the relationship between IRGs and immune cell infiltration.
Findings: Altogether, 58 differentially expressed IRGs were found to be associated with the prognosis of patients with BC. We constructed a prognostic assessment model with six IRGs (THBS1, CXCL9, CXCL11, FABP6, BIRC5, and PPY). Profiles of the infiltrating immune cells confirmed their significance in clinical factors and individual differences. IRGPF is related to immune cell infiltration, and so is the key gene, THBS1.
Interpretation: Our findings confirmed IRGs could act as independent prognostic factors and immune-driver factors. Patients with high levels of activated memory CD4 T cells, but a low level of resting memory CD4 T cells, were associated with better prognosis. This study may provide for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies and individualized treatment of bladder cancer.
Funding Statement: This research was financed by grants from Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1422700), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81802515).
Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
Ethics Approval Statement: All of the data above are open-ended; hence, no approval of the ethics committee was required.
Keywords: bladder cancer; immune-related genes; prognostic assessment model; THBS1
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