Clinical Characteristics and Outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient with and Without Hypertension: Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreaks all over the world in a short time. Information about the difference between (COVID-19) patient with and without hypertension is limited.

Methods: Among a cohort of 1000 confirmed COVID-19 patient, 414 had records of cardiac biomarkers, in which 149 had a history of hypertension, 265 without hypertension. All data were from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.

Findings: The median age was 67 years in hypertension group, 58 years in patient without hypertension. In hypertension group, more patients had a history of diabetes (24.4% vs. 9.1%, P<0.05) and chronic liver disease (6.7%, vs. 2.4%, P<0.05) compared with non-hypertension group. More critical types (19.5% vs. 8.3% P<0.05) was observed in patient with hypertension than without hypertension as well as higher mortality rate (16.8% vs. 6.8%, P<0.05). On admission, 22.1% patients in hypertension group had elevated high sensitivity troponin I (hs-TNI>26 pg/mL) higher than non- hypertension group (6.4%). Median NT-proBNP in hypertension patient (141.9 pg/mL) was higher than non- hypertension patient (77.3 pg/mL). Patient in hypertension group have higher risk for in-hospital death [HR: 2.57, 95% CI (1.46~4.51)]. Multivariable Cox hazard regression confirmed that a NT-proBNP level in the highest tertile (upper 75 percentage of hypertension patients) was the independent risk factor for in-hospital death in patient with hypertension; elevated hs-TNI (>26 pg/mL) was independent risk factor for in-hospital death in patient without hypertension.

Interpretation: Different cautions should be given in COVID-19 patient with and with hypertension.

Funding Statement: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81530012, 81700353), Hubei Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader program, and Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities (2042017kf0060).

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethics Approval Statement: This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Written informed consent was waived because this research was retrospective observation and deindividuation.