The Economic Effects of Direct Democracy - A First Global Assessment

43 Pages Posted: 3 Dec 2007

See all articles by Lorenz Blume

Lorenz Blume

Phillips University Marburg

Jens Müller

University of Marburg - School of Business & Economics

Stefan Voigt

University of Hamburg - Institute of Law & Economics; CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute)

Date Written: November 2007

Abstract

This is the first study that assesses the economic effects of direct democratic institutions on a cross country basis. Its results are based on up to six new measures produced to reflect the legislative basis for using direct democratic institutions as well as their factual use. In addition, a more general overall indicator is used. On the basis of these two different data sets only some of the results of the former intra-country studies are confirmed. An analysis based on the more general democracy index for 87 countries shows that a higher degree of direct democracy leads to lower budget deficits and higher government effectiveness. The effects on government expenditure, corruption and productivity have the expected signs but do not reach conventional levels of significance. A more fine grained analysis for a cross section of 88 countries based on the second data set shows that institutional detail matters a great deal. In particular, the mere possibility of drawing on direct-democratic institutions is often not sufficient to induce significant effects whereas the frequency of their factual use has a number of substantive effects on economic variables.

Keywords: direct democracy, economic effects of constitutions, positive constitutional economics

JEL Classification: H1, H3, H5, H8

Suggested Citation

Blume, Lorenz and Müller, Jens and Voigt, Stefan, The Economic Effects of Direct Democracy - A First Global Assessment (November 2007). CESifo Working Paper No. 2149, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1046601 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1046601

Lorenz Blume

Phillips University Marburg ( email )

Am Plan 2
Marburg, D-35037
Germany

Jens Müller

University of Marburg - School of Business & Economics ( email )

Am Plan 2
Marburg, D-35037
Germany

Stefan Voigt (Contact Author)

University of Hamburg - Institute of Law & Economics ( email )

Johnsallee 35
Hamburg, 20148
Germany
+49-40-428385782 (Phone)
+49-40-428386794 (Fax)

CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute)

Poschinger Str. 5
Munich, DE-81679
Germany

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