A New Look at Second Liens

40 Pages Posted: 1 Sep 2012 Last revised: 3 Jun 2023

See all articles by Donghoon Lee

Donghoon Lee

Federal Reserve Bank of New York; New York University

Christopher J. Mayer

Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Finance; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Joseph S. Tracy

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

Multiple version iconThere are 2 versions of this paper

Date Written: August 2012

Abstract

We use data from credit report and deeds records to better understand the extent to which second liens contributed to the housing crisis by allowing buyers to purchase homes with small down payments. At the top of the housing market second liens were quite prevalent, with as many as 45 percent of home purchases in coastal markets and bubble locations involving a piggyback second lien. Owner-occupants were more likely to use piggyback second liens than investors. Second liens in the form of home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) were originated to relatively high quality borrowers and originations were declining near the peak of the housing boom. By contrast, characteristics of closed end second liens (CES) were worse on all these dimensions. Default rates of second liens are generally similar to that of the first lien on the same home, although HELOCs perform better than CES. About 20 to 30 percent of borrowers will continue to pay their second lien for more than a year while remaining seriously delinquent on their first mortgage. By comparison, about 40 percent of credit card borrowers and 70 percent of auto loan borrowers will continue making payments a year after defaulting on their first mortgage. Finally, we show that delinquency rates on second liens, especially HELOCs, have not declined as quickly as for most other types of credit, raising a potential concern for lenders with large portfolios of second liens on their balance sheet.

Suggested Citation

Lee, Donghoon and Mayer, Christopher J. and Tracy, Joseph, A New Look at Second Liens (August 2012). NBER Working Paper No. w18269, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2139265

Donghoon Lee (Contact Author)

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Christopher J. Mayer

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Joseph Tracy

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) ( email )

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