Aging, Mental Health, and the Criminal Justice System: A Content Analysis of the Literature

Journal of Forensic Social Work, 2:162–185, DOI:10.1080/1936928X.2012.750254

23 Pages Posted: 15 Dec 2012 Last revised: 16 Dec 2012

See all articles by Tina Maschi

Tina Maschi

Fordham University - Graduate School of Social Service

Samantha Suftin

Fordham University - Graduate School of Social Service

Brendan O'Connell

Fordham University - Graduate School of Social Service

Date Written: December 13, 2012

Abstract

Whereas older adults in the criminal justice system are a significant public health concern, there has been little research examining mental health among this population. This content analysis attempts to fill that gap by examining the international peer-reviewed empirical journal articles on mental health and older adults in the criminal justice system. English-language articles that examined mental health among older adults in the criminal justice system were locating through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals of Academic Search Premier Literature databases, which included MEDLINE and PsycLIT. Trained researchers extracted data on the research methods and major findings on mental health among older adults in the criminal justice system. Thirty-one empirical studies were identified as meeting the study criteria. Content analysis was conducted using deductive (frequency counts) and analytic strategies (thematic analysis of major findings across studies). Results indicated that between 1988 and 2012, 31 empirical studies were published on mental health among older adults in the criminal justice system. Most of the studies were conducted in secure care settings that were prisons (n = 16) or forensic psychiatric hospital or units (n = 8). Of the 31 studies, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, dementia, and substance use disorder were the most widely diagnosed mental illness. Comorbid physical ailments were noted in the 10 studies. Common themes across studies were related to the mental health detection and access to services, group differences, comorbid conditions, and the relationship of age, mental health, and criminal behavior, including potential risk and protective factors. Relatively few studies have focused on the mental health needs of older adults in the criminal justice system, especially at the time of arrest, court processing, probation, and parole. These results suggest that mental illness, including serious mental illness, needs to be addressed at all stages of the criminal justice process.

Keywords: older adults, elderly, offenders, prisoners, mental health, gerontology, aging, criminal justice

Suggested Citation

Maschi, Tina and Suftin, Samantha and O'Connell, Brendan, Aging, Mental Health, and the Criminal Justice System: A Content Analysis of the Literature (December 13, 2012). Journal of Forensic Social Work, 2:162–185, DOI:10.1080/1936928X.2012.750254, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2189010

Tina Maschi (Contact Author)

Fordham University - Graduate School of Social Service ( email )

113 West 60th Street
New York, NY 10023
United States
201-218-5064 (Phone)

HOME PAGE: http://www.fordham.edu/btep

Samantha Suftin

Fordham University - Graduate School of Social Service

113 West 60th Street
New York, NY 10023
United States

Brendan O'Connell

Fordham University - Graduate School of Social Service

113 West 60th Street
New York, NY 10023
United States

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