Are 'Legal' Marijuana Contracts 'Illegal'?

Posted: 29 Aug 2015 Last revised: 2 Oct 2017

See all articles by Luke M. Scheuer

Luke M. Scheuer

Widener University - Delaware Law School

Date Written: August 27, 2015

Abstract

America is currently in the midst of a “legal” marijuana business boom. In states which have legalized marijuana thousands of businesses have been created and are being openly operated despite the continued prohibition on their main product by the federal Controlled Substances Abuse Act. As a regular part of their business, these companies enter into contracts which violate the CSA, for example, every time they sell their main product. These businesses, and their stakeholders, rely upon the enforceability of these contracts in order to regulate their relationships. However, under the “illegality” or public policy defense to the enforcement of contracts these contracts are arguably all void and unenforceable. Under the traditional understanding of this defense not only will an illegal contract not be enforced but any consideration paid will not even be returned. This defense is grounded in the public policy against encouraging illegal behavior and is a product of state law. Should courts apply it to the marijuana industry which has been legalized also under state law when it clearly is not against the public policy of states which have legalized marijuana to allow for the sale of marijuana? This article explores the effects of the conflict between federal and state marijuana laws on these businesses’ ability to enter into legally enforceable contracts. This article argues that marijuana contracts do not in fact violate public policy and therefore should be enforced despite their illegality. Nevertheless, courts should exercise restraint in enforcing these agreements, particularly in applying equitable remedies such as specific performance, so as to avoid forcing individuals to violate federal law.

Keywords: marijuana, contracts, legalization of marijuana, marijuana business

JEL Classification: K12, K2

Suggested Citation

Scheuer, Luke M., Are 'Legal' Marijuana Contracts 'Illegal'? (August 27, 2015). UC Davis Business Law Journal, v. 16, no. 1, 2015, Widener University Delaware Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series No. 15-15, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2652252

Luke M. Scheuer (Contact Author)

Widener University - Delaware Law School ( email )

4601 Concord Pike
Wilmington, DE 19803-0406
United States

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