Merit-Based Patronage: Career Incentives of Local Leading Cadres in China

Abstract

This study tries to determine to what extent the Chinese bureaucracy is merit-based. By triangulating quantitative and qualitative survey data from a sample of Chinese cadres (n=286), the authors aim to answer the research question: “What is the behavioural impact of the incentive structure the cadre management system helps to shape, and does the incentive matrix support a meritocratic work environment?” The findings demonstrate that the promotion of local leading cadres is primarily based on their superiors’ recognition and appreciation. A principal-component analysis reveals that what impresses the superiors includes both patronage and merit factors, although patronage has a slight edge over merit. This study also suggests that good interpersonal skills are essential for both merit- and patronage-oriented career advancement.

Keywords: political meritocracy, patronage, guanxi, cadre management, cadre promotion, cadre evaluation