Evaluating Bad Norms

Abstract

Some norms are bad. Norms of revenge, female genital mutilation, honor killings, and other norms strike us as destructive, cruel, and wasteful. The puzzle is why so many people see these norms as authoritative and why these norms often resist change. To answer these questions, we need to look at what “bad” norms are and how we can evaluate them. Here I develop and integrative analysis of norms that aims to avoid parochialism in norm evaluation. After looking and rejecting several evaluative standards, I propose what I call a comparative-functional analysis of norms that is both operationalizable/testable and non-parochial that can sort better and worse norms. One conclusion of this approach is that norms are not so much “bad” and “good” as “better” and “worse.” This approach should be of interest to theorists and practitioners alike.

Keywords: Bad Norms, Social Norms, Harm, Social Science Methodology