The Use of Visible Security Measures in Public Schools: A Review to Summarize Current Literature and Guide Future Research

Abstract

Concerns over school violence, particularly deadly school violence, have prompted demands for greater attention to student safety and school security. One response has been an increased use of visible security in public schools in all locations and grade levels. Relatively little, though, is known about the effectiveness of these measures to reduce crime and violence as well as their possible unintended consequences. This article provides a review of the literature concerning trends in the use of visible school security as well as the effect of these measures on specific outcomes including crime, student fear and exclusionary discipline. This review aims to facilitate future research and policy by identifying what is known, what gaps exist and what should be considered in developing a future research agenda to inform policy.