What's in a Name? The Disparate Effects of Identifiability on Offenders and Victims of Sexual Harassment

Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Forthcoming

Hebrew University of Jerusalem Legal Research Paper No. 19-11

63 Pages Posted: 21 Jun 2018 Last revised: 25 Aug 2019

See all articles by Netta Barak Corren

Netta Barak Corren

Harvard Law School; University of Pennsylvania - Carey Law School; Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir

Hebrew University - Faculty of Law

Date Written: August 14, 2019

Abstract

Sexual harassment is undergoing an identification revolution, as more victims choose to forego their anonymity and divulge their identity to the public. Research in social psychology on the identifiability effect has found that identified victims typically generate more empathy and support than unidentified ones. However, this research has been limited largely to monetary donations or to unambiguous cases with uncontested facts; the scholarship has not examined the effects of varying the identifiability of both parties to a conflict.

In three large-scale experiments with a representative population (total N = 3,988), we found that in the context of sexual harassment, victims do not gain an identifiability ‘premium’ — whereas offenders do. Offenders identified by their first name only are regarded as more credible and moral and less blameworthy and responsible for the event than unidentified offenders, but the same does not apply to identified victims. Furthermore, when the offender is identified, fewer people perceive the case as involving sexual harassment (Experiment 1), and support for taking measures against the offender declines (Experiment 2). Finally, the identified offender premium exists for offenders of both sexes, but the detrimental effect of identification on victims is moderated by the victim’s mode of identification. Specifically, identified female victims who stated willingness to disclose their name publicly fared worse than those preferring that their name not be revealed in public, and the difference between active and passive identification reversed for male victims. The effect of identification mode is moderated by sexist beliefs (Experiment 3). Our results have normative implications for the appropriate balance between publicity and anonymity in various contexts, including social networks, the media, and disciplinary and judicial tribunals.

Keywords: identifiability effect, sexual harassment, agency, experimental legal studies, law & psychology, social norms, anonymity, #MeToo, metoo

JEL Classification: K14, K31, K10, K30

Suggested Citation

Barak Corren, Netta and Lewinsohn-Zamir, Daphna, What's in a Name? The Disparate Effects of Identifiability on Offenders and Victims of Sexual Harassment (August 14, 2019). Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Forthcoming, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Legal Research Paper No. 19-11, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3200260

Netta Barak Corren (Contact Author)

Harvard Law School ( email )

1875 Cambridge Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
United States

University of Pennsylvania - Carey Law School ( email )

3501 Sansom Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
United States

Hebrew University of Jerusalem ( email )

Mount Scopus
Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905
Israel

Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir

Hebrew University - Faculty of Law ( email )

Mount Scopus
Mount Scopus, IL 91905
Israel
972-2-5823845 (Phone)
972-2-5829002 (Fax)

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