Ultrasensitive Detection of Clopidogrel Sulfate Based on Multi-Index of Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor

Abstract

Clopidogrel sulfate, a potent antiplatelet drug, plays a crucial role in thrombosis treatment. However, existing detection methods are complex, time-consuming, and insufficient for ultrasensitive clinical detection of clopidogrel sulfate. This study presents a novel THz metamaterial biosensor that enables accurate and sensitive detection of clopidogrel sulfate through a multi-index approach based on three resonance peaks. By integrating quantum chemical theoretical calculations and experimental analysis, the biosensor targets characteristic peaks at 1.77, 2.68, and 3.57 THz, corresponding to specific molecular vibrations. The biosensor achieves detection limits of 3 pg/μL, 5.3 pg/μL, and 3.9 pg/μL for the respective resonance peaks, outperforming traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods by three orders of magnitude. Consistency analysis with HPLC shows a limit of agreement (LOA) ranging from -0.30 to 0.22, confirming the accuracy of the THz sensing method. This innovative multi-index detection strategy not only enhances quantitative analysis accuracy but also demonstrates the potential of THz sensing technology for clinical blood drug monitoring. Additionally, this technique offers a new and effective tool for the detection of other biochemical samples.

Keywords: Clopidogrel sulfate, Metamaterial sensor, Terahertz technology, Trace detection, Blood concentration analysis, HPLC