

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    

<script language="JavaScript">
var beforeload = (new Date()).getTime();
var totalTime = 0;
var clientTime = 0;
var serverTime = 0;
var XmlHttpObj1;
function Sign(X) { return X>0 ? "+" : X<0 ? "-" : " " }
function CreateXmlHttpObj1() {
	try {XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");}
	catch(e) {try{XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}
		catch(oc) {XmlHttpObj1 = null;}}
	if(!XmlHttpObj1 && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") {XmlHttpObj1 = new XMLHttpRequest();}}

function loadingTime() {
	//calculate the current time in afterload
	var afterload = (new Date()).getTime();
	//calculate the seconds
	clientTime = (afterload-beforeload)/1000;
	serverTime =  parseFloat(document.getElementById("serverTime").innerHTML);
	totalTime = (clientTime + serverTime).toFixed(3);
	document.getElementById("loadingtime").innerHTML = "and delivered in " + totalTime + " seconds";
}
function addLoadEvent(func) {
	var oldonload = window.onload;
	if (typeof window.onload != 'function') {
		window.onload = func;
	} else {
		window.onload = function() {
			if (oldonload) {
				oldonload();
			}
			func();
		}
	}
}
</script>
	<title>SSRN JEL Code: G1</title>
	<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
	<meta name="robots" content="noindex">
	<meta name="description" content="SSRN JEL Code: G1">
	<meta name="keywords" content="SSRN, JEL Code: G1">

	<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"  href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/opensearchdescription.xml" title="SSRN" />
	<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>


<body class="new-layout">
	<div id="genericToastr" class="generic-toastr">
	<div class="toastr-icon">
		<i id="toastrIcon"></i>
	</div>
	<div id="toastrMessage" class="toastr-mesage"></div>
	<div class="toastr-close">
		<i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" onclick="closeToastr()"></i>
	</div>
	<div class="toastr-link"><a id="toastrLink" href="#"></a></div>
</div>


	<script language="javascript">
		//Language functions
		function changeLanguage1(language, response){

			$.ajax({
				url: '/AltLanguage_ajax.cfm?type=changeLanguage&partid=1&strCode=en',
				cache: false,
				success: function(data) {
					// Update values in cookies
					Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'-1','/','.ssrn.com','');
					Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'1000','/','.ssrn.com','');

					// Finally, perform redirection
					if (response == 'reload') {
						window.location.reload();
					}
					else {
						window.location.href=response;
					}
				}
			});
		}

		function Set_Cookie( name, value, expires, path, domain, secure ) {
			// set time, its in milliseconds
			var today = new Date();
			today.setTime( today.getTime() );

			/*
			if the expires variable is set, make the correct
			expires time, the current script below will set
			it for x number of days, to make it for hours,
			delete * 24, for minutes, delete * 60 * 24
			*/
			if ( expires ) {
				expires = expires * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;
			}

			var expires_date = new Date( today.getTime() + (expires) );

			document.cookie = name + "=" +escape( value ) +
			( ( expires ) ? ";expires=" + expires_date.toGMTString() : "" ) +
			( ( path ) ? ";path=" + path : "" ) +
			( ( domain ) ? ";domain=" + domain : "" ) +
			( ( secure ) ? ";secure" : "" );
		}


		/*
		* We use this function when the language should be stripped from an object, like a form RADIO
		*/
		function getLanguage ( oObj ) {
			var specialChars = "!@#$^&%*()+=-[]\/{}|:<>?,.";

			// Need to clean up code if object came from Mura site.
			sCode = oObj.value;
			if (sCode.length > 2) {
				for (var i = 0; i < specialChars.length; i++) {
					sCode = sCode.replace(new RegExp("\\" + specialChars[i], 'gi'), '');
				}
				// After cleaning up special chars, we take the first two chars.
				sCode = sCode.substring(0,2).trim();
			}

			return sCode;
		}
	</script>


<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom-bootstrap.min.css?v=401">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=401">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/global.min.css?v=401">
<link href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/global_header/dist/style.bundle.css?v=401" rel="stylesheet">

<div class="accesibility-link">
	<a id="skip-to-content" title="Skip to content" href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a>
</div>


<meta name="part_id" content="1">
<meta name="www_server" content="www.ssrn.com">
<meta name="static_server" content="static.ssrn.com">
<meta name="hq_server" content="hq.ssrn.com">
<meta name="papers_server" content="papers.ssrn.com">
<meta name="user_name" content="Public User">
<meta name="is_custom" content="false">
<meta name="own_design" content="false">
<meta name="ab_id" content="">
<meta name="on_behalf" content="False">
<meta name="login_user_id" content="">


<!--GLOBAL HEADER-->
<header id="global-header" data-id-plus-auth-enabled="false"></header>


<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">if(typeof jQuery == 'undefined') {
    document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='https://#strStaticServer#/libraries/JQuery/v1.12.4/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
}</script>


<script>
	function sentEmailValidation(lngLoginID, forwardURL){
		var parameters = {
			"lngLoginID" : lngLoginID,
			"strForwardURL" : forwardURL
		};
		$.ajax({
			type: "POST",
			url: "https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=sentValidationEmailNew",
			data: parameters,
			dataType: "jsonp",
			async: false,
			success: function(data) {
				if(data.RESULT == 1){
					$("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGE);
				}
			},
			error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
				console.log(textStatus, errorThrown);
			}
		});
	};
</script>
<script>
$( document ).ready(function() {

	// Show translation notice on footer on load
	var hebrewIsSelected = $('.dropdown-lang option:last-child').is(':selected'),
			$body = $('body'),
			$loginBox = $('.loginBox'),
			$menuMain = $('.menu-main'),
			$profileMenu = $('.profileMenu');

	if (hebrewIsSelected) {
		toggleTranslationNote();
	}

    
    $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:first-child').on('click', function() {
        pageDataTracker.trackEvent('conversionDriverClick', {conversionDriver:{name : 'ssrn-header:register'}});
    });

    $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:last-child').click(function(e) {
        pageDataTracker.trackEvent('conversionDriverClick', {conversionDriver:{name : 'ssrn-header:sign-in-or-register'}});
    });

    $('#global-header a[href$="/rankings/Ranking_display.cfm?TRN_gID=10"]').on('click', function() {
        pageDataTracker.trackEvent('conversionDriverClick', {conversionDriver:{name : 'rankings-top-papers'}});
    });

    $('#global-header a[href$="/submissions/CreateNewAbstract.cfm"]').on('click', function() {
        pageDataTracker.trackEvent('conversionDriverClick', {conversionDriver:{name : 'ssrn-header:submit-article'}});
    });

	$('#btnMenu').on('click', function() {
		$body.addClass('nav-is-open');
		$menuMain.addClass('open');
	});

	$('.mo-nav-close-btn').on('click', function() {
		$body.removeClass('nav-is-open');
		$(this).closest('.mo-nav').removeClass('open');
	});

	$('.mo-nav-search-btn').on('click', function() {
		$menuMain.find('.menu-search').toggleClass('open');
	});

	
	$(document).on('click','#profile', function(e){
		e.preventDefault();
		$body.toggleClass('nav-is-open');
		$profileMenu.toggleClass('open');
	});
	

	/* Cleaning the email text*/
	$('#txtLogin').bind("change keyup input",function() {
		$(".error_show_login").hide();
		$("#txtLogin").removeClass("loginError");
		$("#errorMessageLogin").hide();
	});

	/* Cleaning the password text*/
	$('.password-inp').bind("change keyup input",function() {
		$(".error_show_pass").hide();
		$("#txtPasswordLogin").removeClass("loginError");
		$("#errorMessageLogin").hide();
	});

	/*Function for encrypt*/
	function encrypt(key1, key2, key3){
		var key = btoa(key1 + "|" + key2 + "|" + key3);
		return key;
	};

	
	function validateFields (){
		var emptyLogin = false;
		var emptyPass = false;

		if(document.getElementById("txtLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtLogin").value == "")
		{
		$("#txtLogin").addClass('loginError');
		$(".error_show_login").show();
		emptyLogin = true;
		}
		if(document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value == "" )
		{
			$("#txtPasswordLogin").addClass('loginError');
			$(".error_show_pass").show();
			emptyPass = true;
		}
		if(emptyLogin == true || emptyPass == true){
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	};

	
	$('.password-inp').keypress(function(event) {
		if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) {
			event.preventDefault();
			login();
		}
	});

	
	$('#txtLogin').keypress(function(event) {
		if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) {
			event.preventDefault();
			login();
		}
	});

	
	$("#signin").click(function() {
		login();
	});

	
	function login(){
		if (validateFields() != false) {
			var user = document.getElementById("txtLogin").value;
			var pass = document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value;
			var remember = $('.remember-me-check').prop('checked');
			var keyUser = encrypt(user, pass, remember);
			var parameters = {
				"key" : keyUser
			};
			$.ajax({
				type: "POST",
				url: "https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=signinService",
				data: parameters,
				dataType: "jsonp",
				async: false,
				success: function(data) {
					if(data.ILOGINRESULT == 0) {
						var lngPartLogedIn = data.USER.PART_ID;
						buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn);
						$("#name-header div.user-name-overflow").text(data.USER.FULLNAME);
						$("#name-mo-header").text(data.USER.FULLNAME);
						$('#profile').show();
						$("#btnSignin").hide();
						$("#btnRegister").hide();
						$loginBox.removeClass('open');
						$body.removeClass('nav-is-open');
						
						pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "true";
						pageData.visitor.loginStatus = "logged in";
						pageData.visitor.accessType = "ss:registered-user";
						pageData.visitor.userId = data.USER.ENCRYPT_PART_ID;
						pageDataTracker.trackEvent( 'newPage' , pageData);
						
					} else {
						
						pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "false";
						pageDataTracker.trackEvent( 'newPage' , pageData);
						
						$("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGETOSHOW);
						$("#errorMessageLogin").show();
					}
				}
			});
		} else {
			return false;
		};
	};

	
	function buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn){
		$("#personal").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Participant.cfm?rectype=edit&partid=" + lngPartLogedIn + "&perinf=y");
		$("#affil").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Affiliations/AffiliationList.cfm?partid=" + lngPartLogedIn);
		$("#suscr").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Subscriptions.cfm?partId=" + lngPartLogedIn);
		$("#mypapers").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/submissions/MyPapers.cfm?partid=" + lngPartLogedIn);
	};

	
	$(document).click(function(event) {
		if(!$(event.target).closest('.header-tooltip').length && $(event.target)[0] != $('#btnSignin')[0] && $(event.target)[0] != $('#profile')[0] ) {
			if($('.header-tooltip').is(":visible") && $('.mo-nav-header').is(":hidden")) {
				$body.removeClass('nav-is-open');
				$('.header-tooltip').removeClass('open');
			}
		}

		// Makes the submenu links accesible by keyboard
		$('.has-sub-menu a')
			.focus(function() {
				$(this).parents("li").addClass("focus");
			})
			.blur(function() {
				$(this).parents("li").removeClass("focus");
			});
	});

	// Show translation notice on change
	$('.dropdown-lang').on('change', function() {
		toggleTranslationNote();
	});

	// Accordion functionality on Footer MO
	var $collapseBtn = $('h4[data-toggle="collapse"]'),
			$collapsableContent = $('.collapsable');

	$collapseBtn.on('click', function(){
		var $this = $(this),
				$parent = $this.parent(),
				$thisCollapsable = $parent.find('.collapsable');

		$collapsableContent.slideUp('fast');

		if ( !$thisCollapsable.is(":visible") ) {
			$thisCollapsable.slideDown('fast');
		}
	});

	// Show translation notice on footer
	function toggleTranslationNote() {
		$('.translation-notice').toggle();
	}
});

	//Language function
	function changeLanguage(lang){
        var curretUrl = window.location.href;
        if(curretUrl.indexOf('&lng') != -1) {
            var new_url = curretUrl.substring(0, curretUrl.indexOf('&lng'));
        }else{
            var new_url = window.location.href;
        }
        window.location.href=new_url+'&lng='+lang;
    }
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/global_header/dist/app.bundle.js?v=401"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://static.ssrn.com/js/image-lazy-load.js"></script>

	
	<!-- new css -->
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous">
	
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=401">

	<!-- new results search css -->
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/search-results.min.css?v=401">
	
	
	<div class="container search-results-body" id="maincontent">
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-sm-12">
				<div class="box-container">
					<header>
                        
						<form name="searchForm" id="searchForm" action="?form_name=jel&code=G1&lim=false" method="post">
							
							
								<h1 class="section-title">
								  <div>Search Results</div>
								  JEL Code: G1
								</h1>
							
							
		<div class="organization-header">
			<div class="info">
				
				
					<strong> 25,215,403 </strong>Total downloads
				

			</div>
		</div>


							<div class="form-group search-within">
								<button id="submitsearchwithin" onclick="javascript:document.getElementById('searchForm').submit();" aria-label="Seach Within"><i class="icon icon-gizmo-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
								<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Search Within" onload="this.focus();" id="txtKey_Words_within" name="txtKey_Words_within" aria-label="Search Within">
								<input type="hidden" id="iSearchWithinDone" name="iSearchWithinDone" value="0">
								<input type="hidden" id="strSearchTerm" name="strSearchTerm" value="">
								
										
										<input type="hidden" name="strSelectedOption" id="strSelectedOption" value="4">
										
								
								<input type="hidden" name="orderBy" value=  " numHits desc " >
								<input type="hidden" name="iTotalResults" value="63455">
								<input type="hidden" id="listAB_ID" name="listAB_ID" value="52,62,70,96,362,376,388,403,580,607,633,648,661,666,680,693,703,706,715,716,726,736,752,756,763,902,911,939,940,976,982,985,1006,1014,1034,1051,1060,1063,1068,1077,1092,1100,1126,1134,1139,1145,1278,1349,1504,1612,1618,1625,1639,1701,1776,1787,1870,1871,1883,1895,1918,1993,2017,2056,2070,2075,2116,2124,2135,2251,2252,2255,2270,2276,2286,2288,2299,2307,2313,2346,2358,2501,2505,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2515,2516,2519,2527,2528,2529,2538,2542,2543,2548,2550,2551,2552,2555,2564,2568,2572,2574,2575,2577,2581,2586,2587,2598,2599,2603,2606,2607,2613,2619,2624,2625,2626,2628,2633,2634,2640,2641,2642,2644,2646,2648,2650,2652,2656,2658,2661,2670,2683,2684,2692,2701,2713,2718,2719,2726,2731,2732,2735,2740,2745,2747,2754,2755,2759,2762,2764,2770,2774,2778,2779,2781,2785,2788,2789,2790,2796,2805,2816,2819,2827,2828,2833,2840,2842,2843,2854,2855,2856,2860,2875,2876,2883,2885,2919,2921,2925,2926,2928,2931,2933,2941,2942,2944,2946,2948,3100,3261,3345,3371,3397,3399,3459,3517,3531,3700,3728,3735,4062,4152,4216,4223,4232,4244,4258,4285,4407,4432,4440,4461,4604,4631,4650,4651,4670,4693,4706,4707,4766,4812,4829,4830,5301,5302,5303,5304,5305,5307,5308,5310,5312,5313,5321,5322,5323,5324,5325,5327,5330,5332,5334,5335,5336,5337,5338,5339,5341,5342,5343,5344,5347,5348,5349,5350,5353,5354,5356,5357,5358,5359,5360,5362,5363,5364,5367,5371,5372,5373,5374,5375,5376,5377,5378,5381,5383,5385,5386,5390,5391,5393,5394,5395,5396,5397,5398,5400,5406,5415,5417,5418,5426,5429,5432,5433,5435,5440,5441,5442,5443,5444,5446,5449,5450,5452,5456,5457,5463,5473,5474,5475,5477,5479,5481,5482,5483,5484,5485,5486,5490,5492,5495,5496,5502,5503,5504,5506,5509,5512,5514,5515,5517,5518,5522,5523,5536,5537,5538,5539,5541,5542,5543,5544,5546,5547,5548,5549,5551,5554,5557,5558,5559,5560,5561,5563,5564,5571,5572,5573,5575,5576,5578,5581,5587,5598,5599,5602,5606,5608,5611,5612,5613,5615,5616,5618,5622,5625,5626,5628,5630,5631,5633,5634,5637,5638,5639,5641,5644,5653,5654,5656,5657,5661,5662,5663,5664,5665,5666,5680,5681,5682,5683,5684,5685,5686,5688,5689,5690,5698,5700,5701,5703,5704,5706,5708,5710,5716,5717,5721,5722,5723,5725,5726,5729,5730,5731,5732,5733,5734,5735,5737,5741,5745,5749,5754,5755,5758,5765,5766,5768,5769,5770,5771,5773,5778,5782,5784,5785,5787,5788,5791,5794,5795,5800,5802,5803,5806,5816,5818,5820,5823,5824,5831,5833,5839,5841,5843,5844,5847,5848,5849,5854,5857,5859,5865,5867,5868,5869,5870,5876,5877,5878,5879,5880,5881,5887,5888,5889,5890,5892,5893,5895,5896,5902,5903,5904,5905,5906,5911,5912,5914,5916,5917,5918,5920,5921,5927,5930,5932,5939,5943,5945,5946,5947,5948,5950,5972,5975,5976,5978,5982,5989,5991,5992,5995,5996,6006,6008,6021,6032,6035,6066,6069,6071,6072,6074,6075,6076,6077,6079,6080,6082,6083,6084,6092,6097,6100,6104,6106,6107,6108,6111,6112,6113,6114,6115,6119,6120,6128,6129,6130,6135,6136,6139,6141,6142,6143,6144,6145,6150,6151,6158,6159,6160,6162,6165,6166,6167,6168,6169,6170,6174,6175,6176,6177,6183,6190,6191,6194,6195,6196,6197,6198,6202,6204,6206,6222,6223,6225,6231,6233,6234,6243,6244,6245,6246,6247,6248,6249,6251,6252,6258,6260,6261,6262,6263,6264,6265,6267,6268,6270,6274,6275,6280,6281,6284,6288,6295,6296,6297,6303,6304,6305,6306,6308,6309,6310,6318,6319,6320,6321,6322,6323,6325,6329,6337,6342,6351,6352,6353,6354,6360,6361,6362,6365,6366,6375,6379,6380,6390,6392,6393,6399,6400,6411,6412,6413,6415,6421,6422,6425,6426,6428,6430,6431,6433,6434,6435,6451,6456,6458,6459,6464,6470,6471,6472,6473,6474,6475,6481,6482,6484,6498,6500,6501,6502,6504,6506,6510,6512,6513,6514,6515,6518,6525,6526,6527,6530,6542,6543,6544,6546,6556,6557,6558,6559,6561,6564,6567,6568,6574,6575,6582,6583,6584,6587,6595,6603,6604,6615,6616,6619,6626,6628,6635,6638,6639,6655,6657,6665,6667,6668,6669,6670,6674,6680,6681,6683,6685,6699,6700,6702,6707,6708,6709,6720,6722,6723,6724,6725,6727,6730,6731,6732,6740,6746,6747,6748,6751,6752,6755,6756,6757,6764,6769,6776,6778,6779,6780,6781,6785,6799,6801,6809,6812,6817,6820,6821,6822,6829,6831,6834,6835,6851,6862,6863,6864,6865,6873,6879,6881,6882,6883,6884,6889,6890,6901,6902,6903,6905,6908,6911,6913,6915,6923,6924,6928,6931,6932,6933,6935,6938,6941,6948,6950,6951,6963,6966,6967,6968,6969,6970,6972,6973,6975,6976,6979,6992,6997,6998,6999,7009,7010,7013,7014,7021,7022,7025,7026,7027,7031,7041,7043,7044,7045,7050,7054,7055,7057,7061,7070,7075,7076,7078,7079,7080,7081,7082,7083,7094,7095,7105,7107,7108,7110,7115,7117,7119,7120,7129,7131,7132,7133,7135,7144,7147,7156,7157,7161,7166,7167,7168,7169,7171,7172,7176,7179,7181,7182,7183,7184,7185,7188,7197,7198,7201,7204,7206,7210,7213,7223,7224,7236,7239,7240,7241,7242,7243,7247,7250,7253,7257,7258,7261,7262,7263,7264,7269,7274,7276,7277,7278,7280,7281,7282,7287,7292,7294,7296,7297,7298,7308,7309,7313,7315,7316,7319,7323,7328,7329,7330,7332,7333,7334,7335,7337,7342,7343,7344,7346,7347,7348,7349,7350,7352,7354,7356,7361,7362,7363,7365,7366,7369,7370,7371,7372,7374,7375,7376,7377,7384,7390,7396,7399,7400,7401,7408,7419,7420,7422,7423,7426,7434,7436,7437,7438,7439,7451,7452,7454,7455,7456,7457,7459,7460,7461,7462,7463,7464,7466,7467,7468,7471,7474,7480,7481,7482,7483,7484,7486,7491,7499,7500,7502,7503,7504,7505,7508,7516,7518,7519,7520,7521,7532,7533,7536,7537,7543,7544,7545,7547,7548,7549,7563,7567,7569,7571,7572,7577,7579,7580,7582,7584,7585,7595,7597,7600,7601,7602,7608,7610,7611,7612,7613,7616,7617,7627,7629,7630,7631,7633,7634,7635,7637,7639,7648,7649,7652,7653,7654,7666,7667,7670,7671,7673,7674,7685,7686,7687,7688,7689,7690,7703,7705,7706,7708,7709,7712,7714,7716,7721,7722,7723,7724,7725,7726,7727,7736,7742,7743,7745,7753,7758,7759,7760,7761,7762,7763,7766,7776,7779,7781,7783,7786,7795,7798,7799,7800,7802,7803,7804,7805,7806,7810,7814,7817,7818,7819,7824,7836,7837,7839,7841,7844,7846,7848,7849,7861,7874,7875,7879,7881,7882,7883,7884,7886,7887,7892,7899,7903,7914,7915,7922,7925,7926,7927,7934,7937,7938,7943,7947,7951,7958,7960,7961,7962,7963,7965,7969,7974,7977,7980,7986,7988,7994,7996,7997,7998,7999,8000,8001,8002,8004,8005,8013,8014,8015,8016,8018,8021,8030,8033,8034,8035,8036,8037,8038,8039,8041,8042,8043,8044,8045,8051,8061,8077,8078,8080,8082,8083,8084,8085,8088,8089,8092,8105,8106,8107,8108,8109,8110,8111,8119,8120,8121,8126,8127,8129,8130,8139,8140,8141,8142,8143,8147,8148,8149,8156,8157,8162,8174,8175,8177,8180,8183,8184,8185,8187,8195,8196,8197,8199,8200,8204,8206,8207,8214,8215,8216,8217,8218,8219,8220,8221,8226,8232,8233,8234,8241,8242,8244,8245,8246,8258,8259,8260,8261,8262,8264,8265,8266,8268,8269,8270,8271,8273,8274,8275,8277,8281,8286,8287,8288,8290,8300,8302,8306,8307,8308,8309,8310,8311,8312,8314,8321,8324,8336,8337,8338,8339,8342,8346,8349,8350,8351,8353,8354,8355,8362,8366,8368,8369,8371,8375,8376,8378,8379,8382,8383,8384,8385,8388,8395,8396,8397,8398,8399,8401,8411,8412,8413,8424,8425,8426,8431,8437,8439,8445,8446,8447,8448,8450,8452,8453,8455,8457,8511,8515,8516,8517,8537,8550,8553,8633,8634,8636,8671,9004,9013,9029,9031,9038,9039,9046,9056,9063,9069,9075,9086,9140,9146,9177,9185,9206,9226,9293,9294,9296,9502,9505,9508,9516,9520,9530,9539,9555,10005,10006,10007,10026,10036,10076,10077,10079,10084,10117,10121,10161,10162,10224,10246,10265,10321,10385,10388,10444,10490,10499,10506,10521,10539,10602,10604,10605,10606,10618,10619,10621,10624,10628,10638,10679,10680,10703,10707,10710,10887,10929,10931,10979,11081,11082,11119,11123,11134,11135,11137,11139,11148,11150,11153,11154,11164,11165,11166,11167,11174,11176,11181,11193,11198,11202,11203,11214,11216,11217,11218,11225,11227,11230,11246,11250,11257,11258,11276,11345,11365,11397,11547,15034,15038,15043,15048,15108,15109,15115,15133,15136,15137,15142,15144,15145,15150,15153,15163,16553,19840,23263,25150,27766,29180,32149,32853,32854,33498,33672,34573,34780,34851,34856,35187,35430,35480,35920,35968,35980,36088,36092,36095,36096,36140,36141,36156,36305,36313,36315,36566,36744,36891,36960,36983,37060,37383,37676,37780,37800,37815,37840,38161,38220,38221,38262,38460,38580,38720,38721,39101,39140,39141,39147,39440,39441,39442,39460,39520,39780,39783,39784,39800,39801,39802,39820,39822,39912,39932,39936,39939,39948,39949,39966,40160,40165,40169,40180,40260,40300,40540,40555,40556,40557,40558,40620,40640,40660,40680,40720,40740,40760,40840,40861,40869,40870,40872,40875,40876,41002,41003,41010,41011,41018,41026,41030,41031,41036,41041,41045,41180,41724,41823,42202,42383,42602,42641,42898,43181,43401,43840,43906,44635,44639,44834,44840,45204,45205,45206,45208,45209,45210,45211,45213,45214,45217,45218,45219,45360,45366,45571,45823,45926,46910,46982,46983,47187,47405,47406,47407,48020,48285,48480,48540,48560,49240,49280,49500,49726,51141,51403,51404,51420,51421,51422,51680,51741,51760,51780,51848,52200,52500,52535,52540,52822,52825,53203,53208,53360,53363,53500,53501,53503,53921,53922,54001,54002,54393,54396,54580,55060,55061,55062,55063,55064,55065,55180,55367,55440,55443,55444,55446,55451,55452,55455,55462,55465,55485,55488,55492,55495,55497,55504,55514,55766,55767,55772,56165,56232,56543,56568,57179,57607,57848,57909,57932,57937,57941,57942,57945,57947,57948,57963,58123,58131,58143,58278,58408,58414,58429,58442,58451,58453,58455,58460,58468,58515,58548,58648,58651,58658,58661,58670,58672,58674,58676,58686,58689,58690,58692,58693,59068,59369,59388,59768,59788,59808,60123,60728,61191,61288,61308,61332,61395,61431,61988,61998,62901,63128,63588,63589,63634,63812,64133,64168,64188,64421,64628,64648,64668,64688,64770,64937,64947,65030,65037,65140,66528,68329,68568,68728,69049,69108,69109,70428,70728,70849,71188,71648,72068,72608,73108,73354,73788,74108,74208,74209,74210,74211,74212,74228,74229,74369,74656,74666,74879,74909,74913,74919,74930,74976,75075,75188,75358,75371,75625,75642,75871,76021,76168,76248,76603,76605,76606,76607,76611,76612,76689,76708,76710,77068,77088,77108,77328,77348,77349,77350,77368,77388,77408,77429,78043,78243,78448,78588,78608,78628,79029,79373,79388,79688,79708,79759,79848,80008,80768,80791,81329,81330,81540,82369,82388,82408,82668,82928,82930,82935,82988,82989,83169,83170,83451,83542,83848,83868,83869,83870,83988,84009,84128,84169,84228,84229,84250,84408,84828,84848,85250,85309,85428,85908,85989,86074,86075,86128,86129,86130,86308,86561,86594,86604,86628,86789,86832,86888,87068,87088,87111,87112,87568,87648,87888,87979,88010,88071,88308,88548,88568,89072,89109,89489,89490,89529,89568,89628,89648,89668,89909,89928,89931,90148,90168,90253,90348,90370,90390,90539,90711,90768,90808,90828,90872,90883,90890,90891,90892,90908,90928,90948,90968,91048,91090,91588,91648,92149,92193,92556,92563,92568,92589,92590,92617,92628,92648,93568,93588,93650,93651,93652,93653,93654,93655,93656,93657,93658,93660,93688,93689,93690,94012,94028,94049,94114,94131,94132,94133,94135,94137,94139,94140,94141,94142,94143,94308,94328,94939,94946,94952,94957,94968,95088,95148,95168,95172,95174,95176,95188,95208,95210,95230,95437,95468,95488,95489,95490,95509,95510,95528,95548,95549,95550,95568,95588,95608,95628,95648,95948,96528,96588,96651,97028,97748,98068,98657,98660,98664,98668,98678,98714,98717,98718,98724,98727,98748,99048,99688,99708,99808,99828,99829,99833,99837,99860,99868,99929,100309,100317,100318,100368,100548,100591,100789,100828,100831,101529,102391,102552,102669,102912,102933,102955,103088,103096,103099,103104,103105,103108,103120,103168,103288,103748,103768,103770,103772,103968,103988,104028,104668,104688,104689,104848,105288,105728,105748,105768,105788,105871,105989,106068,106149,106168,106250,106348,106368,106370,106509,106530,106612,107489,107672,107709,107717,107721,108008,108028,108070,108211,108488,108539,108540,108548,108558,109369,110028,110072,110448,110519,110525,110773,110777,111030,111109,111189,111248,111297,111488,111828,112008,112049,112068,112328,112552,112553,112748,113336,113388,113629,113691,113712,114188,114288,114648,114710,114723,114744,114990,114999,115000,115019,115020,115348,115500,115768,115769,115770,115788,115794,116688,117608,118008,118089,118608,119388,119511,119608,119628,119678,119688,119748,119889,119928,120028,120248,120630,120688,120689,120690,120848,120868,120890,120929,121049,121070,121108,121128,121131,121256,121257,121313,121452,121453,121650,121749,121888,122248,122471,122688,122708,122728,122748,122808,122828,122829,122848,123170,123176,123433,124088,124128,124203,124268,124488,124568,125011,125408,125428,125470,125529,125530,125610,125629,125988,126008,126069,126212,126308,126369,126539,126951,127108,127208,127568,127628,127708,127748,127768,127808,127850,127852,127888,127988,128048,128290,128302,128306,128310,128669,128684,128888,129248,129269,129308,130208,130628,130768,130888,130899,131401,131433,131452,131453,131459,131463,131729,131733,131748,131768,131789,132149,132168,132234,132408,133288,133336,133488,134069,134128,135048,135248,135681,135688,135848,135852,135853,136649,136689,136692,136696,136709,136713,136715,136725,136737,136738,137178,137308,137324,137337,137338,137341,137353,137354,137360,137373,137376,137380,137398,137399,137400,137424,137435,137559,137578,137749,137949,137957,137961,138148,138155,138170,138176,138179,138180,138388,138487,138490,138492,138498,138518,138590,138596,138603,138623,138630,138821,138971,139068,139070,139072,139188,139292,139415,139419,139422,139425,139522,139524,139549,139596,139633,139671,139695,139705,139796,139935,140055,140188,140242,140250,140255,140262,140266,140269,140271,140285,140491,140766,140775,140776,140968,140989,140997,141033,141043,141044,141048,141055,141056,141311,141342,141357,141411,141510,141545,141553,141554,141588,141593,141607,141609,141610,141613,141615,141622,141971,141978,141987,141990,142122,142128,142131,142134,142140,142143,142149,142152,142153,142154,142159,142167,142279,142285,142286,142287,142289,142292,142435,142436,142559,142563,142571,142608,142669,142670,142748,142777,142798,142893,142895,142935,143048,143049,143050,143108,143193,143198,143288,143489,143682,143684,143709,143710,143712,143831,143833,143835,143836,143844,143863,143868,143950,144197,144416,144418,144420,144621,145172,145173,145353,145358,145365,145370,145411,145428,145608,145610,145635,145668,145828,145910,145928,145929,145930,146189,146234,146434,146439,146468,146469,146509,146531,146600,146705,146730,146732,146734,146735,146737,146738,146739,146740,146742,146743,146768,147135,147235,147258,147264,147289,147438,147489,147588,147848,147910,148148,148168,148370,148371,148372,148390,148392,148630,148749,148750,148754,148769,148788,148889,148989,149136,149137,149138,149139,149140,149141,149142,149144,149149,149329,149409,149462,149468,149469,149513,149514,149768,149770,150152,150153,150154,150156,150388,150591,150601,150603,150609,150628,150629,150672,150673,150688,150690,150691,150692,150693,150694,150695,150696,150814,151049,151149,151169,151314,151315,151370,151430,151674,151675,151678,151683,151686,151749,151790,151849,151850,151912,152451,152453,152454,152456,152468,152470,152538,152669,152689,152708,152709,152889,152910,152928,152970,153108,153669,153888,153908,154008,154169,154229,154288,154349,154669,154682,154848,155008,155048,155049,155071,155081,155088,155187,155188,155208,155328,155430,155431,155452,155568,155588,155688,155748,155750,155751,155828,155829,156008,156048,156208,156248,156288,156319,156321,156322,156448,156488,156569,156588,156712,156729,156730,156989,157148,157328,157598,157608,157652,157733,157772,157797,157823,157835,157888,157908,157910,157976,158038,158045,158050,158053,158148,158229,158230,158231,158409,158509,158616,158630,158648,158669,158689,158708,158785,158969,159249,159267,159269,159293,159368,159510,159608,159648,159649,159668,159698,159808,159951,159954,159988,160008,160068,160170,160173,160189,160190,160208,160330,160331,160348,160450,160494,160608,160653,160788,160868,161148,161172,161222,161348,161368,161374,161508,161568,161592,161610,161613,161614,161617,161618,161619,161622,161627,161638,161649,161657,161665,161667,161739,161911,161928,162131,162208,162232,162308,162348,162369,162450,162571,162628,162648,162688,162712,162893,163137,163139,163148,163153,163154,163208,163284,163285,163317,163368,163466,163488,163528,163648,163728,163770,163828,163831,163848,163970,164008,164188,164190,164208,164357,164358,164359,164361,164409,164442,164443,164472,164473,164501,164502,164728,164811,164812,164813,164814,164815,164835,164991,165334,165335,165528,165813,165814,165829,165849,165851,166430,166431,166455,166652,166708,166840,166848,166988,167148,167150,167154,167156,167229,167248,167353,167629,167690,167711,167728,167888,167988,168148,168188,168189,168190,168191,168194,168428,168472,168488,168531,168588,168590,168593,168594,168595,168748,168988,169088,169274,169300,169449,169455,169490,169790,169791,170048,170089,170356,170357,170358,170388,170558,170559,170560,170574,170629,170650,170689,170851,171050,171051,171084,171272,171412,171438,171726,171735,171736,171849,171968,171970,172060,172068,172168,172328,172410,172414,172448,172530,172534,172548,172633,172648,172710,172868,172987,173016,173019,173021,173025,173091,173229,173415,173615,173629,173828,173829,174028,174029,174148,174168,174329,174