W. Nicholson Price II

University of Michigan Law School

Professor of Law

625 South State Street

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1215

United States

  • University of Michigan Law School

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

39

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Scholarly Papers (39)

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1.

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Applications and Legal Issues

14 SciTech Lawyer 10 (2017), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 599
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 03 Apr 2018 Last Revised: 24 Apr 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 2,888 (7,262)
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2.

Humans in the Loop

76 Vanderbilt Law Review 429 (2023), U of Colorado Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 22-10, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 22-011
Number of pages: 82 Posted: 27 Mar 2022 Last Revised: 05 Apr 2023
Rebecca Crootof, Margot E. Kaminski and W. Nicholson Price II
University of Richmond School of LawYale University - Yale Information Society Project, University of Colorado Law SchoolYale University - Yale Information Society Project and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 1,313 (24,927)
Citation 2

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AI, regulation, hybrid systems, MABA-MABA, humans in the loop, artificial intelligence

3.

Medical Malpractice and Black-Box Medicine

I. Glenn Cohen et al., eds., Big Data, Health Law, and Bioethics (Cambridge University Press, 2018), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 536
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 04 Feb 2017 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 1,059 (34,069)
Citation 1

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black-box medicine, precision medicine, medical malpractice, medical algorithms

4.

Patent Trolling — Why Bio & Pharmaceuticals Are at Risk

17 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 773, 2014, UC Hastings Research Paper No. 93
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 15 Feb 2014 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
Robin Feldman and W. Nicholson Price II
UC Law, San Francisco and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 992 (37,244)
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nonpracticing entities, patent trolls, patent assertion entities, pharmaceuticals, patents, biotechnology

5.

Medical AI and Contextual Bias

33 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 66 (2019), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 632
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 01 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 20 Mar 2020
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 899 (42,718)
Citation 1

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AI, artificial intelligence, law and medicine, innovation, bias

6.

Black-Box Medicine

28 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 419 (2015)
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 23 Sep 2014 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 899 (42,718)
Citation 2

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personalized medicine, big data, incentives, patents

7.

Artificial Intelligence in the Medical System: Four Roles for Potential Transformation

21 Yale J.L. & Tech. Spec. Iss. 122 (2019), 18 Yale J. Health Pol'y L. & Ethics Spec. Iss. 122 (2019), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 631
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 18 Mar 2019 Last Revised: 07 Jan 2020
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 697 (60,258)

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Artificial Intelligence, AI, Medicine, Health Law, FDA Law

8.

Regulating Black-Box Medicine

116 Mich. L. Rev. 421 (2017)
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 22 Mar 2017 Last Revised: 13 May 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 609 (71,765)
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black-box medicine, algorithms, regulation, innovation

9.

New Innovation Models in Medical AI

99 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1121 (2022), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 21-009
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 20 Feb 2021 Last Revised: 06 Apr 2022
W. Nicholson Price II, Rachel Sachs and Rebecca S. Eisenberg
University of Michigan Law School, Washington University in Saint Louis - School of Law and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 608 (71,917)
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artificial intelligence, user innovation, intellectual property, FDA law, medical AI

10.

Big Data, Patents, and the Future of Medicine

37 Cardozo L. Rev. 1401 (2016)
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 14 Sep 2015 Last Revised: 09 Jan 2017
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 564 (78,879)
Citation 1

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big data, patents, medicine, intellectual property, algorithms

11.

Manufacturing Barriers to Biologics Competition and Innovation

101 Iowa L. Rev. 1023 (2016), Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2015-20, Duke I&E Research Paper No. 15-2
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 16 Apr 2015 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2021
W. Nicholson Price II and Arti K. Rai
University of Michigan Law School and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 551 (81,240)

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Innovation, Trade Secrets, Intellectual Property, Biologics, Biosimilars

12.

Making Do in Making Drugs: Innovation Policy and Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

55 B.C. L. Rev. 491 (2014)
Number of pages: 72 Posted: 18 Aug 2013 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 491 (93,632)
Citation 4

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pharmaceutical, drugs, manufacturing, innovation policy, innovation

13.

Acknowledgements as a Window into Legal Academia

98 Wash. U. L. Rev. 307 (2020), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 668, U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 20-017
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 06 Apr 2020 Last Revised: 20 Jul 2021
W. Nicholson Price II and Jonathan Tietz
University of Michigan Law School and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 460 (101,193)

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empirical legal studies, star footnote, legal scholarship

14.

Hierarchy, Race, and Gender in Legal Scholarly Networks

75 Stan. L. Rev. 71 (2023), U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 22-003, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 22-003
Number of pages: 66 Posted: 26 Jan 2022 Last Revised: 06 Feb 2023
Keerthana Nunna, W. Nicholson Price II and Jonathan Tietz
University of Michigan Law School - Alumni, University of Michigan Law School and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 421 (112,300)

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legal scholarship, network analysis, scholarly networks, knowledge co-production, race, gender

15.

Unblocked Future: Why Gene Patents Won’t Hinder Whole-Genome Sequencing and Personalized Medicine

33 Cardozo L. Rev. 1601 (2012)
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 23 Aug 2011 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 415 (114,259)
Citation 1

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gene patents, whole-genome sequencing, personalized medicine

16.

Liability for Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

W. Nicholson Price II, Sara Gerke, & I. Glenn Cohen, Liability for Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Research Handbook on Health, AI and the Law, Barry Solaiman & I. Glenn Cohen, eds. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. (2023 Forthcoming), Harvard Public Law Working Paper No. 22-16, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 22-020, U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 22-020
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 27 May 2022 Last Revised: 04 Oct 2022
W. Nicholson Price II, Sara Gerke and I. Glenn Cohen
University of Michigan Law School, Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson Law and Harvard Law School
Downloads 414 (115,229)

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AI, liability, healthcare, malpractice, artificial intelligence

17.

Privacy and Accountability in Black-Box Medicine

23 Mich. Telecomm. & Tech. L. Rev. 1 (2016)
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 04 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
Roger Allan Ford and W. Nicholson Price II
University of New Hampshire Franklin Pierce School of Law and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 403 (118,168)
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machine learning, privacy, black-box medicine, predictive analytics, law and medicine

18.

Grants

34 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1 (2019), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 600
Number of pages: 66 Posted: 09 May 2018 Last Revised: 23 Oct 2019
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 280 (175,310)
Citation 1

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grants, innovation policy, intellectual property, NIH

19.

Promoting Healthcare Innovation on the Demand Side

4 J.L. & Biosciences 3 (2017), U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 16-008, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 503
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 19 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
Rebecca S. Eisenberg and W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 268 (183,223)
Citation 1

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Food Law, Drug Law, Health Law, Health Policy, Intellectual Property Law

20.

Clearing Opacity through Machine Learning

106 Iowa L. Rev. 775 (2021), Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2020-13, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 663, U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 20-016
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 08 Mar 2020 Last Revised: 12 Feb 2021
W. Nicholson Price II and Arti K. Rai
University of Michigan Law School and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 249 (197,176)
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artificial intelligence, secrecy, opacity, machine learning, basic research, innovation policy, trade secrets

21.

Problematic Interactions between AI and Health Privacy

2021 Utah L. Rev. 925, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 21-014
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 29 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 01 Dec 2021
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 243 (201,842)

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artificial intelligence, health privacy, hipaa,

22.

The Cost of Novelty

120 Colum. L. Rev. 769 (2020), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 633, U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 19-004
Number of pages: 66 Posted: 02 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 04 May 2020
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 215 (226,990)

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innovation, patents, novelty, biomedical innovation

23.

Regulating Secrecy

91 Wash. L. Rev. 1769 (2016)
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 16 Oct 2015 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 214 (227,971)

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trade secrecy, regulation, patents, biosimilars, biologics, pharmaceuticals

24.

Cryptic Patent Reform Through the Inflation Reduction Act

Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, Forthcoming, Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2023-25, U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 23-021, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 23-021
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 11 Apr 2023 Last Revised: 11 May 2023
Arti K. Rai, Rachel Sachs and W. Nicholson Price II
Duke University School of Law, Washington University in Saint Louis - School of Law and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 201 (242,509)

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patents, drug pricing

25.

Expired Patents, Trade Secrets, and Stymied Competition

92 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1611 (2017), U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 16-030, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 532
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 Dec 2016 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 185 (260,101)

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trade secrets, secrecy, patents, innovation

26.

Innovation Law and COVID-19: Promoting Incentives and Access for New Healthcare Technologies

Forthcoming in I. Glenn Cohen, Abbe Gluck, Katherine Kraschel, & Carmel Shachar, COVID-19 and the Law: Disruption, Impact and Legacy. Cambridge University Press, 2022, University of Illinois College of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 21-14
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 07 Jun 2021
Rachel Sachs, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, W. Nicholson Price II and Jacob S. Sherkow
Washington University in Saint Louis - School of Law, Stanford Law School, University of Michigan Law School and University of Illinois College of Law
Downloads 180 (266,464)

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COVID-19, innovation policy, vaccines, FDA

27.

Innovation Institutions and COVID-19

University of Illinois College of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 21-09
Number of pages: 157 Posted: 15 Apr 2021
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, W. Nicholson Price II, Rachel Sachs and Jacob S. Sherkow
Stanford Law School, University of Michigan Law School, Washington University in Saint Louis - School of Law and University of Illinois College of Law
Downloads 180 (266,464)

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COVID-19, innovation policy, public health, intellectual property law, R&D, grants, procurement, NIH, FDA, EUA, CMS, vaccines, diagnostics, antibody testing, remdesivir, therapeutic antibodies, convalescent serum therapy, pharmaceutical manufacturing, clinical trials, N95s, 3D printing, AI

28.

Distributed Governance of Medical AI

25 SMU Sci. & Tech. L. Rev. 3 (2022), U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 22-008, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 22-008
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 24 Mar 2022 Last Revised: 12 Nov 2022
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 173 (277,273)

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artificial intelligence, governance, regulation, FDA, medical AI

29.

Describing Black-Box Medicine

21 B.U. J. Sci. & Tech. L. 347 (2015)
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 29 Apr 2015 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 149 (312,721)

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personalized medicine, black box, patentability, enablement, 112

30.

Drug Approval in a Learning Health System

102 Minn. L. Rev. 2413 (2018), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 598
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 03 Apr 2018 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 121 (366,925)

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FDA, Learning Health Systems, Innovation, Privacy, HIPAA, Informed Consent, Big Data, Medical Innovation

31.

Rethinking Innovation at FDA

Boston University Law Review, Forthcoming, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 23-020
Number of pages: 70 Posted: 14 Mar 2023 Last Revised: 11 May 2023
Rachel Sachs, W. Nicholson Price II and Patricia J. Zettler
Washington University in Saint Louis - School of Law, University of Michigan Law School and Ohio State University (OSU) - Michael E. Moritz College of Law
Downloads 118 (373,753)

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Innovation, FDA, pharmaceutical policy

32.

Risk and Resilience in Health Data Infrastructure

16 Colo. Tech. L.J. 65 (2017), U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 17-004, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 552
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 09 Mar 2017 Last Revised: 30 Jul 2018
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 109 (395,484)
Citation 1

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Health Data, Infrastructure, Resilience

33.

Am I My Son? Human Clones and the Modern Family

11 Colum. Sci. & Tech. L. Rev. 118 (2010), Columbia Public Law Research
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 09 Apr 2009 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 107 (400,766)

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34.

Innovation Institutions and COVID-19, Part II

Number of pages: 53 Posted: 08 Jul 2022
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, W. Nicholson Price II, Rachel Sachs and Jacob S. Sherkow
Stanford Law School, University of Michigan Law School, Washington University in Saint Louis - School of Law and University of Illinois College of Law
Downloads 63 (550,022)

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COVID-19, innovation policy, public health, intellectual property law, R&D, grants, procurement, NIH, FDA, EUA, CMS, CDC, vaccines, diagnostics, antivirals, pharmaceuticals, clinical trials, pregnancy, long COVID, WTO, TRIPS, emergency declarations

35.

Patenting Race: The Problems of Ethnic Genetic Testing Patents

8 Colum. Sci. & Tech. L. Rev. 119 (2007)
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 18 Aug 2013 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2016
W. Nicholson Price II
University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 54 (591,951)

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Genetic testing, ethnic genetic testing, personalized medicine

36.

How Much Can Potential Jurors Tell Us About Liability for Medical Artificial Intelligence?

Journal of Nuclear Medicine January 2021, 62 (1) 15-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.257196, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 21-023, U of Michigan Law & Econ Research Paper No. 21-023, Harvard Public Law Working Paper No. 21-46
Posted: 02 Aug 2021 Last Revised: 13 Dec 2021
W. Nicholson Price II, Sara Gerke and I. Glenn Cohen
University of Michigan Law School, Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson Law and Harvard Law School

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Artificial Intelligence, Liability

37.

Potential Liability for Physicians Using Artificial Intelligence

JAMA. 2019;322(18):1765-1766. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.15064
Posted: 25 May 2021
W. Nicholson Price II, Sara Gerke and I. Glenn Cohen
University of Michigan Law School, Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson Law and Harvard Law School

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artificial intelligence; medical malpractice, liability

38.

Regulatory Responses to Medical Machine Learning

Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 7, Issue 1, January-June 2020, lsaa002, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa002
Posted: 14 Aug 2020 Last Revised: 07 Jul 2021
Timo Minssen, Sara Gerke, Mateo Aboy, W. Nicholson Price II and I. Glenn Cohen
University of Copenhagen - Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL) - Faculty of Law, Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson Law, LML, University of Cambridge, University of Michigan Law School and Harvard Law School

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Medical Devices, Artificial Intelligence, Regulation

39.

Shadow Health Records Meet New Data Privacy Laws

Science, Vol. 363, No. 6426, 01.02.2019, p. 448-450., U of Colorado Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 19-13
Posted: 25 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 16 Jul 2020
W. Nicholson Price II, Kayte Spector-Bagdady, Timo Minssen and Margot E. Kaminski
University of Michigan Law School, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Medical School, University of Copenhagen - Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL) - Faculty of Law and University of Colorado Law SchoolYale University - Yale Information Society Project

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