Author Page for M. Kabir Hassan

Hashemite University - Faculty of Economics and Business Administrative and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 291 (94,979)

Citation 2

Abstract:

3.

National and Regional Trends in Community Banking

Number of pages: 27 Posted: 10 Sep 2014 Last Revised: 02 May 2015

M. Kabir Hassan and Will Hippler

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of La Verne

Downloads 527 (46,997)

Abstract:

4.

Day of the Week Effect in Istanbul Stock Exchange

Scientific Journal of Administrative Development, Vol. 5, 2007

Number of pages: 27 Posted: 18 Sep 2006 Last Revised: 10 May 2009

Mehmet F. Dicle and M. Kabir Hassan

Loyola University New Orleans - Joseph A. Butt, S.J. College of Business and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 503 (49,990)

Citation 1

Abstract:

5.

Credit Default Swaps and Sovereign Debt Markets

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper 2011-WP-03

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 08 Mar 2011

M. Kabir Hassan, Geoffrey M. Ngene and Jung-Suk Yu

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and School of Urban Planning & Real Estate Studies, Dankook University

Downloads 281 (98,767)

Citation 1

Abstract:

6.

An Islamic Finance Model for the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in France

Downloads 239 (111,634)

1

An Islamic Finance Model for the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in France

Journal of King Abdul Aziz University, Islamic Economics, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.153-180, 2013

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 04 Aug 2013

Umar Aimhanosi Oseni, M. Kabir Hassan and Dorsaf Matri

International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne

Downloads 239 (116,407)

Abstract:

7.

The Determinants of Derivatives Activities in U.S. Commercial Banks

Downloads 247 (113,053)

2

The Determinants of Derivatives Activities in U.S. Commercial Banks

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper 2009-WP-10

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 19 Feb 2010 Last Revised: 30 Aug 2012

Ahmad Y. Khasawneh and M. Kabir Hassan

Hashemite University - Faculty of Economics and Business Administrative and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 137 (193,629)

Abstract:

The Determinants of Derivatives Activities in U.S. Commercial Banks

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper 2009-WP-10

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 04 Oct 2009

M. Kabir Hassan and Ahmad Y. Khasawneh

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and affiliation not provided to SSRN

Downloads 110 (229,295)

Abstract:

8.

An Empirical Literature Survey of Islamic Banking

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 06 Jun 2017

M. Kabir Hassan and Aliyu Sirajo

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Universiti Utara Malaysia - Islamic Business School

Downloads 222 (125,845)

Abstract:

9.

The Determinants and Policy Implications of Off-Balance Sheet Activities in MENA Countries Commercial Banks

Economic Research Forum

Number of pages: 33 Posted: 18 Oct 2010

Ahmad Y. Khasawneh and M. Kabir Hassan

Hashemite University - Faculty of Economics and Business Administrative and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 196 (141,515)

Abstract:

10.

The Governance, Risk-Taking, and Performance of Islamic Banks

Journal of Financial Services Research, 2016

Number of pages: 29 Posted: 17 Mar 2016

Sabur Mollah, M. Kabir Hassan, Omar Al Farooque and Mobarek Asma

Swansea Management School, Swansea University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New England (Australia) and Stockholm Business School

Downloads 171 (161,038)

Abstract:

11.

Stock Exchange Alliances in Organization of Islamic Conferences (Oic) Countries

NFI Working Paper No. 2007-WP-18

Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 Jul 2007

M. Kabir Hassan and Jung-Suk Yu

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and School of Urban Planning & Real Estate Studies, Dankook University

Downloads 155 (174,403)

Citation 1

Abstract:

12.

Firm-Level Attributes and Performance of Micro-Finance Institutions

Midwest Finance Association 2012 Annual Meetings Paper

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 22 Sep 2011

Ali Ashraf and M. Kabir Hassan

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 153 (176,376)

Abstract:

13.

A Simple Way to Estimate to Bid-Ask Spreads from Daily Prices: A Case Study of Bangladesh

Number of pages: 23 Posted: 23 Feb 2012 Last Revised: 13 Oct 2012

Mohammed Ershad Hussain and M. Kabir Hassan

Dillard University and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 140 (189,729)

Abstract:

14.

A Re-Examination of the U.S. Underground Economy: Size, Estimation, and Policy Implications

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper 2010-WP-04

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 09 Nov 2010

M. Kabir Hassan and Jung-Suk Yu

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and School of Urban Planning & Real Estate Studies, Dankook University

Downloads 133 (197,692)

Citation 1

Abstract:

15.

Competition, Risk Taking and Efficiency in the US Commercial Banks Prior to 2008 Financial Crisis

Number of pages: 21 Posted: 11 Feb 2012

Mohammed Ershad Hussain and M. Kabir Hassan

Dillard University and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 132 (198,873)

Abstract:

16.

The Financial and Operating Performance of China's Newly Privatized Firms

Financial Management, Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 107-126, Summer 2003

Number of pages: 21 Posted: 14 Aug 2003 Last Revised: 13 Nov 2010

Zuobao Wei, Oscar Varela, M. Kabir Hassan and Juliet D'Souza

University of Texas at El Paso, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Clayton State University - Department of Finance & Economics

Downloads 129 (202,505)

Citation 25

Abstract:

17.

Religion and Mergers and Acquisitions Contracting: The Case of Earnout Agreements

Journal of Corporate Finance, Forthcoming

Number of pages: 69 Posted: 30 Jun 2016 Last Revised: 30 Nov 2016

Ahmed Elnahas, M. Kabir Hassan and Ghada Ismail

Eastern Kentucky University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and the University of Memphis

Downloads 120 (214,100)

Abstract:

18.

Global Impact of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act: Evidence from Insurance Industries of Developed Countries

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper No. 2009-WP-13

Number of pages: 23 Posted: 13 Nov 2009

M. Kabir Hassan and Abdullah Mamun

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of Saskatchewan - Department of Finance and Management Science

Downloads 91 (259,427)

Abstract:

19.

Characterizing Sovereign Credit Risk Interdependencies: Evidence from the Credit Default Swap Market

Number of pages: 33 Posted: 10 Mar 2016

Uche Isiugo, M. Kabir Hassan and Zhengyi Zhang

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Capital University of Economics and Business

Downloads 67 (310,461)

Abstract:

20.

Coskewness in Islamic, Socially Responsible and Conventional Mutual Funds: An Asset Pricing Test

International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 18 S1, 2017, 23-44, Fox School of Business Research Paper No. 17-018

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 03 Apr 2017 Last Revised: 09 Sep 2017

Abul Hassan, M. Kabir Hassan, J. Rubio, Bora Ozkan and Hesham Merdad

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of Holy Cross, Temple University Fox School of Business and King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)

Downloads 66 (312,895)

Abstract:

21.

Governance, Resources and Growth

Economic Modelling, Forthcoming

Number of pages: 53 Posted: 05 Jan 2017 Last Revised: 04 Mar 2017

Md Al Mamun, Kazi Sohag and M. Kabir Hassan

Monash University - Department of Banking and Finance, affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 62 (323,278)

Abstract:

22.

Six Sigma Stock Returns and Operating Performance

Management Research Review, (40:3), 2017 (Forthcoming), Fox School of Business Research Paper No. 17-003

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 15 Nov 2016 Last Revised: 10 Jan 2017

Bora Ozkan, J. Rubio, M. Kabir Hassan and Ronnie Davis

Temple University Fox School of Business, University of Holy Cross, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 57 (336,862)

Abstract:

23.

Efficiency, Value Addition and Performance of US Bank Mergers

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 05 Jun 2017

Abu Khan, M. Kabir Hassan, Neal Maroney and J. Rubio

Dixie State University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration and University of Holy Cross

Downloads 54 (345,690)

Abstract:

24.

Impact of the Basel I Accord on Credit Expansion in Developing Countries

AIMS International Journal of Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 101, May 2011

Number of pages: 24 Posted: 12 Feb 2012

Mohammed Ershad Hussain, M. Kabir Hassan and Mahfuzul Haque

Dillard University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Indiana State University

Downloads 54 (345,690)

Abstract:

25.

Economic Freedom and Bank Intermediation Spreads: Do Countries Level of Economic Development Make a Difference?

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 22 Sep 2011

Fadzlan Sufian and M. Kabir Hassan

affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 50 (357,890)

Abstract:

26.

Religion and Ratio Analysis: Towards an Islamic Corporate Liquidity Measure

Emerging Markets Review, Forthcoming

Number of pages: 54 Posted: 17 Aug 2016 Last Revised: 15 Sep 2016

Ahmed Elnahas, M. Kabir Hassan and Ghada Ismail

Eastern Kentucky University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and the University of Memphis

Downloads 42 (384,332)

Abstract:

27.

Ownership Structure and Bank Risk: The Effects of Crisis, Market Discipline and Regulatory Pressure

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper Series 2108-WP-03

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 31 Mar 2018 Last Revised: 26 Jul 2018

Dung Tran, M. Kabir Hassan and Reza Houston

Banking Academy of Vietnam, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Indiana State University - Scott College of Business

Downloads 39 (398,771)

Abstract:

28.

Lobbying in Finance Industry: Evidence from US Banking System

Downloads 34 (394,987)

2

Lobbying in Finance Industry: Evidence from US Banking System

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper Series 2017-WP-03

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 02 Nov 2017

Omer Unsal, M. Kabir Hassan and William Hippler

Merrimack College, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of New Orleans - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 18 (510,588)

Abstract:

Lobbying in Finance Industry: Evidence from US Banking System

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper Series 2017-WP-03

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 01 Nov 2017

Omer Unsal, M. Kabir Hassan and William Hippler

Merrimack College, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of New Orleans - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 16 (522,508)

Abstract:

29.

Loan Loss Provisioning in OIC Countries: Evidence from Conventional vs. Islamic Banks

Downloads 8 (402,627)

1

Loan Loss Provisioning in OIC Countries: Evidence from Conventional vs. Islamic Banks

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2015

Number of pages: 34 Posted: 06 Nov 2017

Ali Ashraf, M. Kabir Hassan and Syed Abul Basher

Frostburg State University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and East West University

Downloads 8 (570,936)

Abstract:

30.

Returns Predictability in Emerging Housing Markets

Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 37, 1 (2016), 101-130 , Fox School of Business Research Paper No. 16-037

Number of pages: 30 Posted: 13 Aug 2016 Last Revised: 16 Dec 2016

Bora Ozkan, M. Kabir Hassan and Ali Hepsen

Temple University Fox School of Business, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Istanbul University - Faculty of Business Administration, Department of Finance

Downloads 32 (422,630)

Abstract:

31.

The Performance of Islamic vs. Conventional Banks: Evidence on the Suitability of the Basel Capital Ratios

Forthcoming Open Economic Review

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 14 Mar 2018

Mohammad Bitar, M. Kabir Hassan, Kuntara Pukthuanthong and Thomas John Walker

Concordia University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of Missouri, Columbia and Concordia University, Quebec - Department of Finance

Downloads 31 (426,823)

Abstract:

32.

Discretionary Loan-Loss Provision Behavior in the US Banking Industry

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper 2018-WP-01

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 15 Feb 2018

Dung Tran, M. Kabir Hassan and Reza Houston

Banking Academy of Vietnam, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Indiana State University - Scott College of Business

Downloads 28 (445,180)

Abstract:

33.

The Microfinance Revolution and the Grameen Bank Experience in Bangladesh

Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments, Vol. 11, pp. 205-265, 2002

Number of pages: 61 Posted: 22 Jun 2004

M. Kabir Hassan

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 25 (455,321)

Citation 2

Add to Cart

Abstract:

34.

Determinants of Bank Capital in Dual Banking Systems

Downloads 24 (460,592)

2

Determinants of Bank Capital in Dual Banking Systems

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper Series 2017-WP-04

Number of pages: 45 Posted: 02 Nov 2017 Last Revised: 29 Jan 2018

Mohammad Bitar, M. Kabir Hassan and William Hippler

Concordia University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of New Orleans - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 18 (510,588)

Abstract:

Determinants of Bank Capital in Dual Banking Systems

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper Series 2017-WP-04

Number of pages: 45 Posted: 01 Nov 2017

Mohammad Bitar, M. Kabir Hassan and William Hippler

Concordia University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of New Orleans - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 6 (582,557)

Abstract:

35.

Pricing Beliefs: Empirical Evidence from the Implied Cost of Deposit Insurance for Islamic Banks

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 28 Jan 2016

Jocelyn Grira, M. Kabir Hassan and Issouf Soumaré

UAE University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Laval University

Downloads 19 (487,572)

Abstract:

36.

The Effect of Implicit Market Barriers on Stock Trading and Liquidity

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper 2018-WP-02

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 15 Feb 2018

Asem Alhomaidi, M. Kabir Hassan and Will Hippler

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of La Verne

Downloads 17 (498,310)

Abstract:

37.

The Wealth and Risk Effects of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Glba) on the Us Banking Industry

Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 32, No. 1-2, pp. 351-388, January 2005

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 03 May 2005

Abdullah Mamun, Neal Maroney and M. Kabir Hassan

University of Saskatchewan - Department of Finance and Management Science, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 16 (503,632)

Citation 4

Add to Cart

Abstract:

38.

Financial Development and Economic Growth in the Organization of Islamic Conference Countries

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2011

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 12 Nov 2017

M. Kabir Hassan, Benito Sanchez and Jung-Suk Yu

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and School of Urban Planning & Real Estate Studies, Dankook University

Downloads 10 (536,420)

Abstract:

39.

The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Efficiency of the U.S. Banking Industry: Further Evidence

Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 35, Issue 1-2, pp. 50-70, January-March 2008

Number of pages: 21 Posted: 15 Feb 2008

Adel A. Al-Sharkas, M. Kabir Hassan and Shari Lawrence

Alfred University, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Downloads 9 (541,672)

Citation 2

Add to Cart

Abstract:

40.

Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999: Market Assessment of Winners and Losers in The Insurance Industry

Massey University, Department of Commerce Working Paper No. 04.01

Number of pages: 25 Posted: 05 Jun 2017

Abdullah Mamun, M. Kabir Hassan, Neal Maroney and Gordon V. Karels

University of Saskatchewan - Department of Finance and Management Science, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration and University of Nebraska at Lincoln - Department of Finance

Downloads 7 (552,272)

Citation 3

Abstract:

41.

Activity Strategies, Information Asymmetry, and Bank Opacity

Networks Financial Institute Working Paper Series 2018-WP-04

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 08 Aug 2018

Dung Tran, M. Kabir Hassan and Reza Houston

Banking Academy of Vietnam, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Indiana State University - Scott College of Business

Downloads 2

Abstract:

42.

The Effects of Shariah Board Composition on Islamic Equity Indices' Performance

Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 248-259, 2018

Number of pages: 12 Posted: 05 Jun 2018

M. Kabir Hassan, Federica Miglietta, Andrea Paltrinieri and josanco floreani

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari - Department of Business Studies and Private Law, University of Verona and Università degli Studi di Udine

Downloads 0 (607,895)

Add to Cart

Abstract:

43.

Islamic Bank Incentives and Discretionary Loan Loss Provisions

Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol. 28, 2014

Posted: 31 May 2018

Greg Clinch, Sayd Farook and M. Kabir Hassan

The University of Melbourne - Melbourne Business School, Thomson Reuters and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Abstract:

44.

Profit Distribution Management by Islamic Banks: An Empirical Investigation

Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 52, 2012

Posted: 21 May 2018

Greg Clinch, Sayd Farook and M. Kabir Hassan

The University of Melbourne - Melbourne Business School, Thomson Reuters and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Abstract:

45.

Time-Varying and Spatial Herding Behavior in the U.S. Housing Market: Evidence from Direct Housing Prices

Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2017

Posted: 31 Mar 2017

Geoffrey Ngene, Daniel Sohn and M. Kabir Hassan

Mercer University - Eugene W. Stetson School of Business and Economics, Independent and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Abstract:

46.

An Empirical Investigation of Asset-Liability Management of Small Us Commercial Banks

Applied Financial Economics, 7, 1997, 525-536

Posted: 16 Mar 2015

Van Son Lai and M. Kabir Hassan

Laval University and University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

Abstract:

47.

Market Discipline of Canadian Banks’ Letters of Credit Activities: An Empirical Examination

The Service Industries Journal, Issue 22.4, 2002, 187-208

Posted: 16 Mar 2015

M. Kabir Hassan, Van Son Lai and Min-Teh Yu

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, Laval University and National Chiao Tung University

Abstract:

48.

The Impact of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act on the Financial Services Industry

Journal of Economics and Finance 28, 3, 2004, 333-347

Posted: 16 Mar 2015

Abdullah Al Mamun, M. Kabir Hassan and Van Son Lai

University of Northumbria at Newcastle - Newcastle Business School, University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and Laval University

Abstract:

49.

Determinants of Thrift Institution Off-Balance Sheet Activities: An Empirical Investigation

Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2006

Posted: 20 Sep 2006

M. Kabir Hassan and William H. Sackley

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance and University of North Carolina at Wilmington - Cameron School of Business - Department of Economics and Finance

Abstract:

50.

Impact of Ownership Structure and Regulation on the Risk-Taking Behavior of Depository Institutions

Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, Vol. 18, 2005

Posted: 18 Apr 2006

M. Kabir Hassan, Gordon V. Karels and Stephen Wilcox

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance, University of Nebraska at Lincoln - Department of Finance and Minnesota State University, Mankato

M. Kabir Hassan

University of New Orleans - College of Business Administration - Department of Economics and Finance

50

Top 7,306

5,590

Top 9,577

45

Scholarly Papers (50)

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

The Microfinance Revolution and the Grameen Bank Experience in Bangladesh

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

The Wealth and Risk Effects of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Glba) on the Us Banking Industry

Abstract:

Abstract:

The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Efficiency of the U.S. Banking Industry: Further Evidence

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

The Effects of Shariah Board Composition on Islamic Equity Indices' Performance

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract: