Michael D. Gilbert

University of Virginia School of Law

Professor

580 Massie Road

Charlottesville, VA 22903

United States

  • University of Virginia School of Law

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

32

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8,746

TOTAL CITATIONS
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Top 34,723

in Total Papers Citations

17

Scholarly Papers (32)

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1.

Constitutional Law and Economics

Forthcoming in Research Methods in Constitutional Law: A Handbook (Malcolm Langford & David S. Law eds., Edward Elgar), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2018-08, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2018-02, UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 14 Feb 2018 Last Revised: 23 May 2023
Robert D. Cooter and Michael D. Gilbert
University of California, Berkeley - School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 978 (49,892)

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Constitutional law, law and economics, constitutional interpretation, constitutional processes, bargaining, voting, federalism, single subject rule

2.

The Problem of Voter Fraud

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 115, p. 739, 2015, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2014-56, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2014-15
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 30 Aug 2014 Last Revised: 29 Jun 2017
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 762 (69,972)
Citation 1

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voter ID, right to vote, voter fraud, vote suppression

3.

Public Law and Economics

Oxford University Press (2022), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper 2022-68, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper 2022-24
Number of pages: 626 Posted: 13 Oct 2022 Last Revised: 17 Oct 2022
Robert D. Cooter and Michael D. Gilbert
University of California, Berkeley - School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 562 (103,293)

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law and economics, constitutional economics, bargaining, voting, entrenchment, delegation, adjudication, enforcement, legislative intent, separation of powers, federalism, intransitivity, political community, stare decisis, transition costs, unconstitutional conditions, campaign finance, textualism

4.

Transparency and Corruption: A General Analysis

2018 University of Chicago Legal Forum 117 (2018), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2018-09, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2018-03
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 14 Feb 2018 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2019
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 539 (108,821)
Citation 1

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Corruption, extortion, disclosure, transparency, open voting, campaign finance, open meetings, FOIA

5.

Truth Bounties: A Market Solution to Fake News

102 North Carolina Law Review 509 (2024), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2022-61, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2022-19
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 31 Aug 2022 Last Revised: 22 Feb 2024
Yonathan A. Arbel and Michael D. Gilbert
University of Alabama - School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 491 (121,841)

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fake news, misinformation, disinformation, defamation, freedom of speech, marketplace of ideas, truth bounty, Section 230, First Amendment

6.

Rational Gridlock

Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2024-47 , Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2024-23, Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper Forthcoming
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 10 Jun 2024 Last Revised: 05 Feb 2025
Scott Baker and Michael D. Gilbert
Washington University in St. Louis - School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 422 (145,915)

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pivotal politics, legislative design, constraining advocates, gridlock, agenda setting, purposeful polarization, bicameralism, separation of powers, checks and balances

7.

Disclosure and Corruption

Election Law Journal, Vol. 14, p. 148, 2015, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2013-37, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2013-10
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 02 Oct 2013 Last Revised: 23 Jul 2015
Michael D. Gilbert and Benjamin Aiken
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia - School of Law, Degree Candidate Author
Downloads 407 (152,158)

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Election Law, Campaign Finance, Disclosure, Corruption

8.

A Theory of Direct Democracy and the Single Subject Rule

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 110, p. 687, 2010, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2010-02, UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 1448043
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 13 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 01 Nov 2012
Michael D. Gilbert and Robert D. Cooter
University of Virginia School of Law and University of California, Berkeley - School of Law
Downloads 343 (183,980)
Citation 1

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9.

Campaign Finance Disclosure and the Information Tradeoff

Iowa Law Review, Vol. 98, p. 1847, 2013, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2012-13, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2012-66
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 02 Nov 2012 Last Revised: 15 Jul 2013
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 333 (189,944)
Citation 1

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campaign finance disclosure, first amendment, information interest, chilling effect

10.

Judicial Independence and Social Welfare

Michigan Law Review, Vol. 112, p. 575, 2014, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2011-26, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2011-05
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 15 Jul 2011 Last Revised: 23 Jan 2014
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 266 (240,401)
Citation 1

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judicial independence, accountability, judicial elections, judicial selection

11.

Insincere Rules

Virginia Law Review, Vol. 101, p. 2185, 2015, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 8, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 18
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 07 Nov 2014 Last Revised: 05 Jan 2016
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 263 (243,170)
Citation 1

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rules, enforcement, compliance

12.

Conflict Avoidance in Constitutional Law

107 Virginia Law Review 1 (2021), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2020-37, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2020-06
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 28 Apr 2020 Last Revised: 15 Oct 2022
Charles L. Barzun and Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 254 (251,961)

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constitutional law, constitutional conflicts, value conflicts, rights conflicts, dispute resolution, hard cases, least cost avoidance, constitutional law and economics

13.

The Coordination Fallacy

Florida State University Law Review, Vol. 43, p. 399, 2016, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 7, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 17
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 18 Mar 2015 Last Revised: 29 Jun 2017
Michael D. Gilbert and Brian Barnes
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia - School of Law, Alumnus or Degree Candidate Author
Downloads 246 (260,106)
Citation 2

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campaign, finance, coordination, corruption, quid pro quo

14.

Enforcement Signals Under Rules and Standards

Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2021-17, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2021-07, Indiana Legal Studies Research Paper No. 439
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 22 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 24 Aug 2022
Nicholas Almendares, Michael D. Gilbert and Rebecca Kerley
Indiana University Maurer School of Law, University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia, School of Law, Students
Downloads 244 (262,167)

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rules and standards, enforcement, enforcement and learning, exceptions

15.

Entrenchment, Incrementalism, and Constitutional Collapse

Virginia Law Review, Vol. 103, p. 631, 2017 , Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2016-14, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2016-53
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 13 Sep 2016 Last Revised: 29 Jun 2017
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 216 (294,810)
Citation 2

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entrenchment, constitutional amendment, constitutional design, constitutional failure, legal stability, originalism, judicial updating

16.

Disclosure, Credibility, and Speech

Journal of Law and Politics, Vol. 27, p. 627, 2012, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2012-01, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2012-05
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 01 Nov 2011 Last Revised: 19 Nov 2012
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 213 (298,729)
Citation 2

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17.

Political Corruption

Oxford Handbook of American Election Law (Eugene Mazo, ed.), forthcoming, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2023-37
Number of pages: 17 Posted: 24 Apr 2023
Michael D. Gilbert and Deborah Hellman
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 188 (335,493)

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corruption, appearance of corruption, bribery, campaign finance, vote buying, impeachment, emoluments, secret ballot

18.

Insincere Evidence

105 Virginia Law Review 1115 (2019), U Iowa Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-05, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2019-18, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2019-07
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 18 Mar 2019 Last Revised: 29 Oct 2019
Michael D. Gilbert and Sean Sullivan
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Iowa College of Law
Downloads 187 (337,096)

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insincere rule, burden of persuasion, deterrence, compliance

19.

Does Law Matter? Theory and Evidence from Single Subject Adjudication

Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 40, p. 333, 2011, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2010-26
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 16 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 03 Aug 2015
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 165 (376,678)
Citation 4

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20.

Optimal Entrenchment of Legal Rules

Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2017-10, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2017-25
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 17 May 2017
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 163 (380,612)

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entrenchment, constitutional amendment, constitutional design, legal stability, originalism, judicial updating.

21.

The Law and Economics of Entrenchment

54 Georgia Law Review 61 (2019), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2019-19, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2019-08
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 04 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 22 Jan 2020
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 153 (401,647)

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entrenchment, constitutional amendment, constitutional design, legal stability, originalism, judicial updating

22.

Aggregate Corruption

Kentucky Law Journal, Vol. 104, p. 651, 2016, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2016-13, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2016-51
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 04 Sep 2016 Last Revised: 29 Jun 2017
Michael D. Gilbert and Emily Reeder
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia - School of Law, Alumnus or Degree Candidate
Downloads 151 (406,027)

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campaign finance, campaign contributions, aggregate limits, McCutcheon, corruption, election law

23.

Active Virtues

98 Washington University Law Review 857 (2021), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2019-21
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 06 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 24 Feb 2021
Michael D. Gilbert and Mauricio Guim
University of Virginia School of Law and Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) - Law School
Downloads 149 (410,425)

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passive virtues, case selection, docket control, judicial legitimacy, judicial independence, judicial power, constitutional design

24.

Constitutional Locks

19 International Journal of Constitutional Law 865 (2021) , Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2019-50
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 15 Aug 2019 Last Revised: 06 Jun 2023
Michael D. Gilbert, Mauricio Guim and Michael Weisbuch
University of Virginia School of Law, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) - Law School and University of Virginia (UVA) School of Law
Downloads 143 (424,150)

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entrenchment, constitutional amendments, constitutional design

25.

Interpreting Initiatives

Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 97, p. 1621, 2013, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2012-68, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2012-14
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 12 Nov 2012 Last Revised: 15 Jul 2013
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 139 (433,781)

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direct democracy, initiatives, interpretation, judicial review

26.

Contributions and Corruption: Restoring Aggregate Limits in the States

Democracy by the People: Reforming Campaign Finance in America 328-343 (Timothy K. Kuhner and Eugene D. Mazo eds., Cambridge University Press, 2018), Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2016-52
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 13 Sep 2016 Last Revised: 05 Jun 2019
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 131 (454,756)

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campaign finance, campaign contributions, aggregate limits, McCutcheon, corruption, election lawcomma separated]

27.

Do Good Citizens Need Good Laws? Economics and the Expressive Function

22 Theoretical Inquiries in Law 153 (2021), Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2020-01, Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2020-09
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 22 Jan 2020 Last Revised: 27 Jul 2021
Michael D. Gilbert and Andrew T. Hayashi
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 128 (463,110)
Citation 1

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altruism, social preferences

28.

Single Subject Rules and the Legislative Process

University of Pittsburgh Law Review, Vol. 67, p. 803, 2006
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 13 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 25 Oct 2015
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 123 (477,750)

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29.

Liability Rules and Efficient Sanctions with Empathetic Agents

Virginia Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 2024-33, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2024-15
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 11 Apr 2024 Last Revised: 04 Dec 2024
Michael D. Gilbert and Andrew T. Hayashi
University of Virginia School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 109 (523,145)

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law and economics, behavioral law and economics, empathy, prosocial preferences, regulation, strict liability, negligence, optimal damages, optimal precautions, virtue paradox

30.

Direct Democracy, Courts, and Majority Will

Election Law Journal, Vol. 9, p. 211, 2010
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 20 Sep 2010 Last Revised: 03 Aug 2015
Michael D. Gilbert
University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 100 (556,632)

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31.

Less Can Be More: Conflicting Ballot Proposals and the Highest Vote Rule

Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 38, p. 383, 2009, Virginia Law and Economics Research Paper No. 2010-05
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 13 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 03 Aug 2015
Michael D. Gilbert and Joshua Levine
University of Virginia School of Law and Independent
Downloads 90 (595,268)

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32.

Reply to Hasen and Matsusaka

Columbia Law Review Sidebar, Vol. 110, No. 59, 2010, UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 1679533
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 20 Sep 2010
Robert D. Cooter and Michael D. Gilbert
University of California, Berkeley - School of Law and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 88 (603,543)

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Other Papers (1)

Total Downloads: 28
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1.

Online Appendix to Constitutional Locks

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 02 Sep 2020 Last Revised: 06 Jun 2023
Michael D. Gilbert, Mauricio Guim and Michael Weisbuch
University of Virginia School of Law, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) - Law School and University of Virginia (UVA) School of Law
Downloads 28

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entrenchment, constitutional amendments, constitutional design