Friedrich Schneider

Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics

Professor

Altenbergerstrasse 69

A-4040 Linz, 4040

Austria

CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute for Economic Research)

Poschinger Str. 5

Munich, DE-81679

Germany

http://www.CESifo.de

Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)

P.O. Box 7240

Bonn, D-53072

Germany

  • Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics

    • Email
    • Tel: +43 732 2468 8210
    • Fax: +43 732 2468 8208
SCHOLARLY PAPERS

85

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475

Scholarly Papers (85)

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1.

Shedding Light on the Shadow Economy: A Global Database and the Interaction with the Official One

CESifo Working Paper No. 7981
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 12 Dec 2019
Leandro Medina and Friedrich Schneider
George Washington University - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 2,620 (7,195)
Citation 32

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shadow economy, informal economy, survey, multiple indicators multiple Causes (MIMIC), comparison of different estimation methods, the light intensity approach, shadow economy results for 157 countries, interaction of the shadow economy with the official

2.

Shadow Economies Around the World Size, Causes, and Consequences

Downloads 1,884 ( 12,283)
Citation 69

Shadow Economies Around the World Size, Causes, and Consequences

IMF Working Paper No. 00/26
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 30 Jan 2006
Friedrich Schneider and Dominik Enste
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cologne - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,266 (22,192)
Citation 33

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Shadow Economies Around the World: Size, Causes and Consequences

Number of pages: 71 Posted: 23 Aug 2001
Friedrich Schneider and Dominik Enste
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cologne - Department of Economics
Downloads 618 (60,090)
Citation 39

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3.

Money Laundering and Financial Means of Organized Crime: Some Preliminary Empirical Findings

Paolo Baffi Centre Research Paper No. 2008-17
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 May 2008
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,611 (15,703)
Citation 8

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Definition and stages of money laundering, volume of money laundering

4.

Shadow Economies All Over the World: New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5356
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro and Claudio E. Montenegro
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, University of Cooperative Education Bautzen and Universidad de Chile, Economics DepartmentWorld Bank Group
Downloads 1,589 (16,063)
Citation 27

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Economic Theory & Research, Currencies and Exchange Rates, Emerging Markets, Post Conflict Reconstruction, Country Strategy & Performance

5.

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

Downloads 1,446 ( 18,504)
Citation 5

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3012
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 17 Apr 2010
Friedrich Schneider, Tilman Brück and Daniel Meierrieks
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops and WZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 1,268 (22,131)

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The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1050
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 22 Sep 2010
Friedrich Schneider, Tilman Brück and Daniel Meierrieks
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops and WZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 178 (231,988)
Citation 6

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risk, insecurity, survey, terrorism, counter-terrorism, security economics

6.

Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2563, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1923
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 29 Jan 2007
Benno Torgler and Friedrich Schneider
Yale University - Yale Center for International and Area Studies and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,428 (18,863)
Citation 2

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shadow economy, tax morale, governance quality, government intervention, corruption

7.

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?

Downloads 1,268 ( 22,513)
Citation 3

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1806
Number of pages: 70 Posted: 24 Oct 2006
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 646 (56,723)
Citation 6

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shadow economy of 145 countries, tax burden, tax moral, quality of state institutions, regulation, DYMIMIC and other estimation methods

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?

Economics Discussion Paper No. 2007-9
Number of pages: 66 Posted: 06 Dec 2010
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 447 (89,774)

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shadow economy of 145 countries, tax burden, tax moral, quality of state institutions, regulation, DYMIMIC and other estimation methods

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2315
Number of pages: 67 Posted: 10 Oct 2006
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 175 (235,370)
Citation 6

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shadow economy of 145 countries, tax burden, tax morale, quality of state

8.

The Shadow Economy

Downloads 1,259 ( 22,800)
Citation 3

The Shadow Economy

Friedrich Schneider & Colin C. Williams, The Shadow Economy, Institute of Economic Affairs, 2013
Number of pages: 96 Posted: 30 Jun 2013
Friedrich Schneider and Colin Williams
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Sheffield - School of Management
Downloads 1,030 (30,071)
Citation 3

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shadow economy, informal employment, informal economy, undeclared work

The Shadow Economy

Institute of Economic Affairs Monographs, Hobart Paper 172 (2013)
Number of pages: 96 Posted: 23 Aug 2013
Friedrich Schneider and Colin Williams
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Sheffield - School of Management
Downloads 214 (196,445)

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shadow economy, tax amnesties, black market

The Shadow Economy

Institute of Economic Affairs Monographs, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 96 Posted: 03 Sep 2021
Friedrich Schneider and Colin Williams
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Sheffield - School of Management
Downloads 15 (760,251)

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9.

The Shadow Economy and Work in the Shadow: What Do We (Not) Know?

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6423
Number of pages: 73 Posted: 31 Mar 2012
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,241 (23,244)
Citation 11

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shadow economy, undeclared work, shadow labor force, tax morale, tax pressure, state regulation, labor market

10.

Shadow Economies Around the World: What Do We Know?

Number of pages: 63 Posted: 18 Mar 2004
Friedrich Schneider and Robert Klinglmair
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Linz
Downloads 1,189 (24,786)
Citation 43

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shadow economy, interaction of the shadow economy with the official one, tax burden

11.

The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries All Over the World: First Results Over the Period 1999 to 2003

Number of pages: 64 Posted: 16 Dec 2004
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,133 (26,601)
Citation 1

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shadow economy, tax burden, government regulation, DYMIMIC method

12.

Shadow Economies Around the World: New Results for 158 Countries Over 1991-2015

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 6430
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 11 May 2017
Leandro Medina and Friedrich Schneider
George Washington University - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,098 (27,857)
Citation 9

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shadow economies of 158 countries, MIMIC estimations, the light intensity approach, tax burden, regulation, trade openness, corruption

13.

The Size and Development of the Shadow Economies of 22 Transition and 21 OECD Countries

Number of pages: 51 Posted: 29 Jul 2002
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,041 (30,040)

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Shadow Economy, Transition Economies, Tax and Social Security Burden, Government Regulation

14.

Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy: Methods, Problems and Open Questions

Downloads 1,038 ( 30,154)
Citation 19

Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy: Methods, Problems and Open Questions

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4448
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 12 Nov 2013
Friedrich Schneider and Andreas Buehn
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cooperative Education Bautzen
Downloads 959 (33,249)
Citation 4

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shadow economy estimates, MIMIC approach, methods to estimate the shadow economy, advantages and disadvantages of the measurement methods

Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy: Methods, Problems and Open Questions

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9820
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 21 Mar 2016
Friedrich Schneider and Andreas Buehn
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cooperative Education Bautzen
Downloads 79 (418,696)
Citation 9

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MIMIC approach, methods to estimate the shadow economy, advantages and disadvantages of the measurement methods, shadow economy estimates

15.

Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years?

IMF Working Paper No. 18/17
Number of pages: 77 Posted: 20 Feb 2018 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Leandro Medina and Friedrich Schneider
George Washington University - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,005 (31,560)
Citation 3

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Shadow economy, Tax evasion, informal economy, survey, multiple indicators multiple Causes (MIMIC), comparison of different estimation methods, the light intensity approach, predictive mean matching (PMM), Other, Model Construction and Estimation, Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data, Structure and Scope of Government

16.

The Increase of the Size of the Shadow Economy of 18 OECD Countries: Some Preliminary Explanations

Number of pages: 31 Posted: 06 Feb 2001
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 867 (38,833)

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17.

Size and Development of Tax Evasion in 38 OECD Countries: What Do We (Not) Know?

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4004
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 27 Nov 2012
Andreas Buehn and Friedrich Schneider
University of Cooperative Education Bautzen and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 839 (40,665)
Citation 3

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18.

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: A Structural Equation Model Approach

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4182
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 26 May 2009
Andreas Buehn and Friedrich Schneider
University of Cooperative Education Bautzen and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 811 (42,594)

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shadow economy, corruption, SEM models

19.

The (Hidden) Financial Flows of Terrorist and Organized Crime Organizations: A Literature Review and Some Preliminary Empirical Results

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4860
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 05 Apr 2010
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 569 (67,562)
Citation 4

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financial flows of terrorist organizations, Hawala banking, money laundering, organized crime, kinds of terrorist financing

20.

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis

Downloads 542 ( 71,763)
Citation 12

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1653
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 23 Feb 2006
Axel Dreher and Friedrich Schneider
Heidelberg University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 310 (135,598)
Citation 10

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corruption, shadow economy, regulation, tax burden

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1936
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 30 Jan 2006
Axel Dreher and Friedrich Schneider
Heidelberg University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 232 (181,800)
Citation 2

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corruption, shadow economy, regulation, tax burden

21.

Shadow Economies in Highly Developed OECD Countries: What are the Driving Forces?

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6891
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 13 Oct 2012
Friedrich Schneider and Andreas Buehn
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cooperative Education Bautzen
Downloads 474 (84,563)

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state regulation, tax pressure, tax morale, shadow economy, undeclared work

22.

Increasing Shadow Economies All Over the World - Fiction or Reality

Institute for the Study of Labor Discussion Paper No. 26
Number of pages: 67 Posted: 05 Aug 1999
Friedrich Schneider and Dominik Enste
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cologne - Department of Economics
Downloads 466 (86,344)
Citation 9

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23.

On the Political Economy of Environmental Policy

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 741; U of St. Gallen Econ. Working Paper No. 2001-20
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 29 Jan 2002
Gebhard Kirchgässner and Friedrich Schneider
Universität St. Gallen and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 444 (91,320)
Citation 2

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Environmental Policy, Ecological Taxes, Tradable Permits, Voluntary Agreements, Voting Behaviour, Public Bureaucracy, Interest Groups

24.

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part I)

Downloads 438 ( 92,731)
Citation 3

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part I)

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3011
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 17 Apr 2010
Friedrich Schneider, Tilman Brück and Daniel Meierrieks
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops and WZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 282 (149,759)

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The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part I)

DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1049
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 22 Sep 2010
Friedrich Schneider, Tilman Brück and Daniel Meierrieks
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops and WZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 156 (259,718)
Citation 3

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risk, insecurity, survey, terrorism, counter-terrorism, security economics

25.

Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: An Empirical Analysis of the Structural Aspects and Long-Run Characteristics in Italy

Downloads 400 (103,019)
Citation 3

Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: An Empirical Analysis of the Structural Aspects and Long-Run Characteristics in Italy

IZA Working Paper No. 3447
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 23 May 2008
Bruno Chiarini, Elisabetta Marzano and Friedrich Schneider
University of Naples, Parthenope, University of Naples Parthenope - Department of Economic Studies (DES) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 247 (171,026)

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tax evasion, VAT evasion, effective tax rate, apparent tax rate, VECM

Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: An Empirical Analysis of the Structural Aspects and Long-Run Characteristics in Italy

Government of the Italian Republic (Italy), Ministry of Economy and Finance, Department of the Treasury Working Paper No. 1
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 12 Jun 2009
Bruno Chiarini, Elisabetta Marzano and Friedrich Schneider
University of Naples, Parthenope, University of Naples Parthenope - Department of Economic Studies (DES) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 153 (263,763)
Citation 2

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Tax evasion, VAT evasion, Effective Tax Rate, Apparent Tax Rate, VECM

26.

The Shadow Economy and Shadow Economy Labor Force: What Do We (Not) Know?

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5769
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 20 Jun 2011
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 379 (109,595)
Citation 1

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shadow economy, undeclared work, shadow labor force, tax morale, tax pressure, state regulation

27.

The Impact of Tax Morale and Institutional Quality on the Shadow Economy

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2541, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1899
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 19 Jan 2007
Benno Torgler and Friedrich Schneider
Yale University - Yale Center for International and Area Studies and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 359 (116,461)
Citation 11

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shadow economy, tax morale, institutional quality, government intervention, corruption

28.

Money Laundering as a Financial Sector Crime - A New Approach to Measurement, with an Application to Italy

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4127
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 28 Feb 2013
Guerino Ardizzi, Carmelo Petraglia, Massimiliano Piacenza, Friedrich Schneider and Gilberto Turati
Bank of Italy, University of Basilicata, DiMIE, University of Torino - Department of Economics and Statistics, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
Downloads 343 (122,430)
Citation 2

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money laundering, shadow economy, banking regulation

29.

Mimic Models, Cointegration and Error Correction: An Application to the French Shadow Economy

Downloads 335 (125,656)
Citation 1

Mimic Models, Cointegration and Error Correction: An Application to the French Shadow Economy

CESifo Working Paper No. 2200
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 23 Jan 2008
Andreas Buehn and Friedrich Schneider
University of Cooperative Education Bautzen and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 229 (184,134)

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shadow economy, tax burden, regulation, unemployment, cointegration, error correction models, MIMIC models

MIMIC Models, Cointegration and Error Correction: An Application to the French Shadow Economy

IZA Working Paper No. 3306
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 May 2008
Andreas Buehn and Friedrich Schneider
University of Cooperative Education Bautzen and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 106 (347,709)
Citation 1

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shadow economy, tax burden, regulation, unemployment, cointegration, error correction models, MIMIC models

30.

What Shapes Attitudes Toward Paying Taxes? Evidence from Multicultural European Countries

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2117
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 10 May 2006
Benno Torgler and Friedrich Schneider
Yale University - Yale Center for International and Area Studies and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 314 (134,365)
Citation 10

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tax morale, tax compliance, tax evasion, culture

31.

The Socio-Economic Determinants of Terrorism and Political Violence in Western Europe (1994-2007)

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 19 Oct 2010
Raul Caruso and Friedrich Schneider
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Milan and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 305 (138,741)
Citation 5

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Terrorism, Political Violence, Economic Deprivation, Productivity of Violence

32.

Privatization in Austria: Some Theoretical Reasons and First Results About the Privatization Proceeds

Number of pages: 72 Posted: 02 Mar 2004
Ansgar Hubertus Belke and Friedrich Schneider
University of Duisburg-Essen - Department of Economics and Business Administration and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 264 (160,785)

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Austria, partisan approach, privatization, state-owned enterprises, public choice.

33.

Satisfaction Not Guaranteed - Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy in Western Europe

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 06 May 2003
Alexander F. Wagner, Mathias Dufour and Friedrich Schneider
University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance, Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 264 (160,785)

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Satisfaction with Democracy, Political Economy, Institutions

34.

Size and Development of the Shadow Economy and of Do-it-Yourself Activities in Germany

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 2021
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 25 Jun 2007
Andreas Buehn, Alexander Karmann and Friedrich Schneider
University of Cooperative Education Bautzen, Technische Universitaet Dresden and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 261 (162,590)

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shadow economy, do-it-yourself activities, tax burden, regulation, domestic currency in circulation, unemployment, MIMIC models

35.

Illegal Activities, But Still Value Added Ones: Size Causes and Measurement of the Shadow of Economies All Over the World

Number of pages: 48 Posted: 21 Mar 2001
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 239 (177,164)
Citation 1

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36.

The Shadow Economy and Shadow Labor Force: A Survey of Recent Developments

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8278
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 05 Jul 2014
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 224 (188,332)
Citation 1

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shadow economy estimates, shadow labor force, MIMIC approach, methods to estimate the shadow economy, advantages and disadvantages of the measurement methods, shadow labor force and unemployment, micro studies on shadow labor force

37.

Size and Development of the Shadow Economies of 157 Countries Worldwide: Updated and New Measures from 1999 to 2013

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10281
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 31 Oct 2016
Mai Hassan and Friedrich Schneider
University of Marburg - Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies (CNMS) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 211 (199,307)
Citation 14

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shadow economies of 157 countries, quality of institutions, tax and regulatory burden, MIMIC model

38.

Shedding Light on Money Laundering and on the Financial Flows of Transnational Crime: Some Empirical Facts

(This paper is an extended version of the paper by Raffaella Barone and Friedrich Schneider (2019), “Shedding light on money laundering: Is it a damping wave?”, Discussion paper, University of Linz, Austria.)
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 19 Jul 2018 Last Revised: 07 Aug 2019
Friedrich Schneider and Raffaella Barone
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Salento - Department of Law
Downloads 209 (201,948)
Citation 1

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Money Laundering, Organized Crime, Criminal Economy, Drug Trafficking

39.

Modelling the Egyptian Shadow Economy: A Currency Demand and A MIMIC Model Approach

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 5727
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 09 Mar 2016
Mai Hassan and Friedrich Schneider
University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 206 (203,766)
Citation 1

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shadow economy of Egypt, currency demand approach (CDA), MIMIC estimation

40.

Tax Losses Due to Shadow Economy Activities in OECD Countries from 2011 to 2013: A Preliminary Calculation

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 5649
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 20 Jan 2016
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 206 (203,766)

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tax losses, shadow economy, tax and social security contribution burden

41.

Taxes and Benefits: Two Distinct Options to Cheat on the State?

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3536
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 16 Jun 2008
Martin Halla and Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 205 (204,710)

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tax, subsidies, tax evasion, benefit fraud, welfare fraud, tax morale, benefit morale, social norms, multilevel analysis

42.

The Devil is in the Shadow: Do Institutions Affect Income and Productivity or Only Official Income and Official Productivity?

Downloads 197 (212,213)
Citation 12

The Devil is in the Shadow: Do Institutions Affect Income and Productivity or Only Official Income and Official Productivity?

CESifo Working Paper No. 2150
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 03 Dec 2007
Axel Dreher, Pierre-Guillaume Meon and Friedrich Schneider
Heidelberg University, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 146 (274,151)

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shadow economy, income, aggregate productivity, development accounting

The Devil is in the Shadow: Do Institutions Affect Income and Productivity or Only Official Income and Official Productivity?

KOF Swiss Economic Institute Working Paper No. 179
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 19 Nov 2007
Axel Dreher, Pierre-Guillaume Meon and Friedrich Schneider
Heidelberg University, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 51 (524,121)
Citation 21

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shadow economy, income, aggregate productivity, development accounting

43.

Sovereign Debt Markets in Light of the Shadow Economy

Number of pages: 30 Posted: 06 Mar 2011 Last Revised: 23 Oct 2015
Raphael N. Markellos, Dimitris Psychoyios and Friedrich Schneider
University of East Anglia (UEA) - Norwich Business School, University of Piraeus - Department of Industrial Management and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 194 (215,137)
Citation 3

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Informal Sector, Credit Ratings, Sovereign Debt

44.

The Different Extent of Privatisation Proceeds in EU Countries: A Preliminary Explanation Using a Public Choice Approach

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1741, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1600
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 28 Sep 2005
Ansgar Hubertus Belke, Frank Baumgärtner, Friedrich Schneider and Ralph Setzer
University of Duisburg-Essen - Department of Economics and Business Administration, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Deutsche Bundesbank
Downloads 184 (225,339)
Citation 1

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European Union, panel analysis, partisan theory, privatisation proceeds,

45.

Money Laundering and Corruption: Birds of a Feather Flock Together

Downloads 183 (226,422)
Citation 8

Money Laundering and Corruption: Birds of a Feather Flock Together

CESifo Working Paper No. 7687
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 25 Jun 2019 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Raffaella Barone, Donato Masciandaro and Friedrich Schneider
University of Salento - Department of Law, Bocconi University - Department of EconomicsBocconi University - Department of Economics (ECO) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 122 (314,703)
Citation 2

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money laundering, corruption, calibration

Money Laundering and Corruption: Birds of a Feather Flock Together

BAFFI CAREFIN Centre Research Paper No. 2019-112
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 07 Jun 2019
Raffaella Barone, Donato Masciandaro and Friedrich Schneider
University of Salento - Department of Law, Bocconi University - Department of EconomicsBocconi University - Department of Economics (ECO) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 61 (481,874)
Citation 6

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Money laundering, corruption, calibration

46.

The Application of the Capability Approach to High-Income OECD Countries: A Preliminary Survey

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3364
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 06 Mar 2011
Juergen H. W. Volkert and Friedrich Schneider
Pforzheim University - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 183 (226,422)

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capability approach, high income countries, general well being, poverty, human development, assessing capabilities

47.

Beyond the Veil of Ignorance: The Influence of Direct Democracy on the Shadow Economy

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3749
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 05 Mar 2012
Friedrich Schneider and Désirée Teobaldelli
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Urbino
Downloads 162 (251,040)
Citation 10

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shadow economy, direct democratic institutions, district magnitude, good governance

48.

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: Revised Estimates for 120 Countries

Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, Vol. 1, 2007-9
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 18 Dec 2010
Friedrich Schneider and Andreas Buehn
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Cooperative Education Bautzen
Downloads 160 (253,735)
Citation 7

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Shadow economy of 120 countries, tax burden, tax moral, quality of state institutions, regulation, MIMIC and other estimation methods

49.

Exploring the Dark Side of Tax Policy: An Analysis of the Interactions between Fiscal Illusion and the Shadow Economy

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 5466
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 14 Aug 2015
Andreas Buehn, Roberto Dell'Anno and Friedrich Schneider
University of Cooperative Education Bautzen, CSEF - University of Naples Federico II - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 158 (256,421)

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fiscal illusion, shadow economy, MIMIC model, latent variables, tax burden, tax complexity

50.

Does Corruption Promote Emigration? An Empirical Examination

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8094
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 12 Apr 2014
Arusha V. Cooray and Friedrich Schneider
Embassy of Sri Lanka, Oslo and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 148 (270,290)
Citation 3

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corruption, emigration, educational attainment, government expenditures, income inequality, labor markets

51.

Satisfaction with Democracy and the Environment in Western Europe: A Panel Analysis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1929, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1660
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 26 Jan 2006
Alexander F. Wagner and Friedrich Schneider
University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 147 (271,808)

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satisfaction with democracy, environment

52.

Growth in the Shadows: Effect of the Shadow Economy on U.S. Economic Growth Over More than a Century

Downloads 142 (279,269)
Citation 2

Growth in the Shadows: Effect of the Shadow Economy on U.S. Economic Growth Over More than a Century

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10705
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 01 May 2017
Rajeev K. Goel, James W. Saunoris and Friedrich Schneider
Illinois State University - Department of Economics, Eastern Michigan University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 142 (280,243)

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economic growth, shadow economy, United States, time series

Growth in the Shadows: Effect of the Shadow Economy on U.S. Economic Growth Over More than a Century

Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 50-67, 2019
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 30 Nov 2018
Rajeev K. Goel, James W. Saunoris and Friedrich Schneider
Illinois State University - Department of Economics, Eastern Michigan University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
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Citation 2

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53.

Religion and the Shadow Economy

Downloads 139 (283,939)
Citation 7

Religion and the Shadow Economy

ZEW - Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper No. 11-038
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 16 Jun 2011
Friedrich Heinemann and Friedrich Schneider
ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 138 (286,567)
Citation 8

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Economics of religion, tax morale, shadow economy

Religion and the Shadow Economy

Kyklos, Vol. 68, Issue 1, pp. 111-141, 2015
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 09 Jan 2015
Friedrich Schneider, Katharina Linsbauer and Friedrich Heinemann
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University and ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research
Downloads 1 (914,453)

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54.

Cash in Circulation and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Investigation for Euro Area Countries and Beyond

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 7143
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 28 Aug 2018
Franz Seitz, Hans-Eggert Reimers and Friedrich Schneider
Technical University of Applied Sciences Weiden, Hochschule Wismar and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 132 (295,324)
Citation 1

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banknotes, net issues, shadow economy, cash demand function, panel cointegration

55.

What is Economics? - Attitudes and Views of German Economists

IEW Working Paper No. 451
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 09 Dec 2009
Bruno S. Frey, Silke Humbert and Friedrich Schneider
CREMA, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 129 (300,614)
Citation 5

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Economics, economists, school of thought, neoclassics, homo oeconomicus

56.

An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: The Case of Benefit Morale

Downloads 122 (313,202)
Citation 4

An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: The Case of Benefit Morale

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 2641
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 07 May 2009
Martin Halla, Mario Lackner and Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 65 (466,362)

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welfare state, social norms, benefit fraud, benefit morale

An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: The Case of Benefit Morale

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4165
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 19 May 2009
Martin Halla, Mario Lackner and Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 55 (506,383)

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welfare state, social norms, benefit fraud, benefit morale

An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: The Case of Benefit Morale

Kyklos, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 55-74, February 2010
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 18 Jan 2010
Martin Halla, Mario Lackner and Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 2 (898,262)

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57.

Payment Innovations, the Shadow Economy and Cash Demand of Households in Euro Area Countries

CESifo Working Paper No. 8574
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 01 Oct 2020
Hans-Eggert Reimers, Friedrich Schneider and Franz Seitz
affiliation not provided to SSRN, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Technical University of Applied Sciences Weiden
Downloads 120 (317,015)

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cash, cashless payments, shadow economy, cash demand function, panel cointegration

58.

Allowing for Household Preferences in Emission Trading? A Contribution to the Climate Policy Debate

Number of pages: 29 Posted: 29 Mar 2001
Michael Ahlheim and Friedrich Schneider
University of Hohenheim - Institute of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 113 (330,578)
Citation 1

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Environmental policy, tradable emission permits, climate policy, consumer sovereignty

59.

Protestantism and Government Spending: A Negative Relationship? An Empirical Application to Swiss Cantons

Downloads 112 (332,664)

Protestantism and Government Spending: A Negative Relationship? An Empirical Application to Swiss Cantons

U. of St. Gallen Law & Economics Working Paper No. 2008-03
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 11 Mar 2008
Justina A. V. Fischer and Friedrich Schneider
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 61 (481,874)

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Protestantism, Culture, Government Spending, Public Finance

Protestantism and Government Spending: A Negative Relationship? An Empirical Application to Swiss Cantons

University of St. Gallen, Department of Economics, Discussion Paper No. 2008-03
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 25 Jan 2008
Justina A. V. Fischer and Friedrich Schneider
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 51 (524,121)
Citation 1

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Protestantism, Culture, Government Spending, Public Finance

60.

Outside the State - The Shadow Economy and Shadow Economy Labor Force

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4829
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 03 Jul 2014
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 100 (358,968)

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shadow economy, undeclared work, shadow labor force, tax morale, tax pressure, state regulation, labor market

61.

Implausible Large Differences in the Sizes of Underground Economies in Highly Developed European Countries? A Comparison of Different Estimation Methods

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 6522
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 12 Jul 2017
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 99 (361,329)

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MIMIC Estimation Methods, Macro and Adjusted, Micro Survey Method Asking Company Managers, Micro Survey Method Using Households' Data, Using the Consumption-Income-Gap, Comparison of Results of Size of Shadow Economy of European Countries, Shadow Economies

62.

Comment on Feige's Paper 'Reflections on the Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved Economies: What Do We Really Know about the 'Shadow Economy'?'

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 5818
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 98 (363,695)
Citation 4

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Shadow Economy, Non-Observed Economy or Income, Macro Approaches, MIMIC and Currency Demand Approach

63.

Why Does Environmental Policy in Representative Democracies Tend to Be Inadequate? A Preliminary Public Choice Analysis

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3223
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 29 Oct 2010
Andrea Kollmann and Friedrich Schneider
Energieinstitut an der Johannes Kepler Universität Linz and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 91 (380,875)

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public choice and environmental policies, sustainability, voters, government, interest groups, tradeable permits, green taxes

64.

Size, Determinants, and Consequences of Corruption in China's Provinces: The MIMIC Approach

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 7175
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 01 Oct 2018
Hailin Chen, Friedrich Schneider and Qunli Sun
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
Downloads 86 (394,315)

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corruption index, determinants and consequences, MIMIC model, China’s provinces

65.

Measuring the Immeasurable: The Evolution of the Size of Informal Economy in the Agricultural Sector in the EU-15 Up to 2019

CESifo Working Paper No. 8937
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 16 Mar 2021
Friedrich Schneider, Mangirdas Morkunas and Erika Quendler
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, Vilnius University and Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics, Rural and Mountain Research
Downloads 84 (399,789)

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66.

Satisfaction with Democracy and Collective Action Problems: The Case of the Environment

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3613
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 04 Aug 2008
Martin Halla, Friedrich Schneider and Alexander F. Wagner
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance
Downloads 83 (402,575)

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satisfaction with democracy, environmental economics and policy, collective action problems

67.

Grey Matters: Charting the Development of the Shadow Economy

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 6234
Number of pages: 60 Posted: 25 Jan 2017
Donal Mac Géidigh, Friedrich Schneider and Matthias Blum
Queen's University Belfast, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Technische Universität München (TUM)
Downloads 82 (405,518)

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shadow economy, underground activity, historical tax rates

68.

Legislative Malapportionment and the Politicization of Germany's Intergovernmental Transfer System

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 08 Mar 2005
Hans Pitlik, Friedrich Schneider and Harald Strotmann
Universitaet Hohenheim, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Pforzheim University
Downloads 82 (405,518)
Citation 1

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legislative bargaining, overrepresentation, fiscal transfer system, Germany

69.

International Human Trafficking: Measuring Clandestinity by the Structural Equation Approach

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7867
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 11 Jan 2014
Alexandra Rudolph and Friedrich Schneider
German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) - Macro Analysis and Forecasting and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 76 (423,554)

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human trafficking, MIMIC models, latent variable, structural equation models

70.

The Credibility of Monetary Policy Announcements – Empirical Evidence for OECD Countries Since the 1960s

Downloads 69 (446,206)
Citation 1

The Credibility of Monetary Policy Announcements – Empirical Evidence for OECD Countries Since the 1960s

Ruhr Economic Paper No. 355
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 04 Aug 2012
Ansgar Hubertus Belke, Andreas Freytag, Jonas Keil and Friedrich Schneider
University of Duisburg-Essen - Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Jena - Department of Economics, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 36 (601,872)
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Credibility, central bank independence, price stability, monetary commitment

The Credibility of Monetary Policy Announcements: Empirical Evidence for OECD Countries Since the 1960s

DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1225
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 18 Jul 2012
Ansgar Hubertus Belke, Andreas Freytag, Jonas Keil and Friedrich Schneider
University of Duisburg-Essen - Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Jena - Department of Economics, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 33 (620,152)

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credibility, central bank independence, price stability, monetary commitment

71.

Monetary Commitment, Institutional Constraints and Inflation: Empirical Evidence for OECD Countries Since the 1970s

CESifo Working Paper No. 2001, Jena Economic Research Paper No. 2007-002
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 12 Jun 2007
Andreas Freytag and Friedrich Schneider
University of Jena - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 65 (460,114)
Citation 1

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central bank independence, price stability, monetary commitment

72.

Drivers of the Underground Economy Around the Millienium: A Long Term Look for the United States

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10857
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 10 Jul 2017
Rajeev K. Goel, James W. Saunoris and Friedrich Schneider
Illinois State University - Department of Economics, Eastern Michigan University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 62 (471,107)
Citation 1

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shadow economy, underground economy, determinants, taxation, inflation, openness, world war, great depression

73.

On the Boundaries of the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Investigation

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10067
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 08 Aug 2016
Eran Manes, Friedrich Schneider and Anat Tchetchik
Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Bar Ilan University
Downloads 56 (494,248)

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shadow economy, boundaries to the shadow economy, unemployment, taxation, regulation

74.

Is a Federal European Constitution for an Enlarged European Union Necessary? Some Preliminary Suggestions Using Public Choice Analysis

CEGE Discussion Paper No. 83
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 03 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 10 Jul 2009
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 55 (498,288)

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75.

Nonlinearity between the Shadow Economy and Level of Development

Downloads 54 (502,418)

Nonlinearity between the Shadow Economy and Level of Development

IMF Working Paper No. 19/48
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 08 Apr 2019
Dong Frank Wu and Friedrich Schneider
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 44 (557,969)

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Shadow economy, National income, Social safety nets, Labor market flexibility, Economic growth, institutional factor, non-institutional, regression, long-run, country group

Nonlinearity between the Shadow Economy and Level of Development

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12385
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 10 Jun 2019
Dong Frank Wu and Friedrich Schneider
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 10 (808,803)

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shadow economy, level of development, nonlinearity, GDP per capita

76.

Did the Japanese Patient Follow the Doctor's Orders? Mostly No! A Public Choice Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Schemes in Japan Before and after the Earthquake

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3639
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 23 Nov 2011
Sven Rudolph and Friedrich Schneider
Kyoto University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 52 (510,776)

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Japan, climate policy, emissions trading, public choice, case study

77.

Do Different Estimation Methods Lead to Implausible Differences in the Size of the Non-Observed or Shadow Economies? A Preliminary Answer

CESifo Working Paper No. 9434
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 02 Dec 2021
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 45 (542,197)

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MIMIC estimation methods, macro and adjusted, micro survey method asking company managers, micro survey method using household data, using the consumption-income-gap, comparison of results of size of shadow economy of mostly OECD countries, shadow economi

78.

Two sides of the same coin or two different coins? Exploring the duality of corruption in Latin America

Number of pages: 42 Posted: 10 Jan 2022
Ella Hugo, David Savage, Friedrich Schneider and Benno Torgler
University of Newcastle - The University of Newcastle, University of Newcastle - The University of Newcastle, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Queensland University of Technology
Downloads 42 (556,865)

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Rent Seeking Corruption, Systemic Corruption, Shadow Economy, Latin America, Institutional Economics

79.

Nature of the Relationship between Minimum Wage and the Shadow Economy Size: An Empirical Analysis for the Case of Romania

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11247
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 08 Jan 2018
Adriana AnaMaria Alexandru and Friedrich Schneider
Bucharest University of Economic Studies and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 24 (663,904)

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minimum wage, shadow economy, MIMIC model, Granger causality, Romania

80.

The role of economic prosperity on informality in Africa: evidence of corruption thresholds from PSTR

European Xtramile Centre of African Studies WP/22/012
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 19 Mar 2022
Loudi Njoya, Ngouhouo Ibrahim, Simplice Asongu and Friedrich Schneider
University of Dschang, University of Dschang, African Governance and Development Institute and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 18 (709,531)

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Informal sector, Growth, Corruption, African countries

81.

Taxes and Benefits: Two Options to Cheat on the State

Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 76, Issue 3, pp. 411-431, 2014
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 24 Apr 2014
Martin Halla and Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics
Downloads 2 (861,220)

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82.

The Economics of Counterterrorism: A Survey

Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 29, Issue 1, pp. 131-157, 2015
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 11 Jan 2015
Friedrich Schneider, Tilman Brück and Daniel Meierrieks
Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics, IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops and WZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 1 (875,349)
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Backlash, Counterterrorism, Rational‐choice models, Terrorism

83.

The Economic Costs of the German Participation in the Afghanistan War

Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 793-805, 2011
Posted: 06 Aug 2012
Tilman Brück, Olaf J. de Groot, Olaf J. de Groot and Friedrich Schneider
IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, DIW BerlinBocconi University and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics

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Afghanistan, costs of conflict, war, military budget

84.

Terror and Human Insecurity: Editorial Introduction

European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 27, No. S1, 2011
Posted: 06 Aug 2012
Tilman Brück and Friedrich Schneider
IGZ - Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics

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terrorism, insecurity, security, economics of security

85.

The Quality of Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy in Western Europe - A Panel Analysis

European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 25 (No. 1), p. 30-41, March 2009.
Posted: 02 Sep 2008 Last Revised: 13 Oct 2014
Alexander F. Wagner, Friedrich Schneider and Martin Halla
University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance, Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics and Johannes Kepler University Linz - Department of Economics

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Satisfaction with democracy, political economy, institutions