Panos Merkouris

University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

Assistant Professor of Public International Law

Oude Kijk in't Jatstraat 26

9700 AS Groningen, 9712 EK

Netherlands

  • University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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SCHOLARLY PAPERS

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Scholarly Papers (33)

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1.

Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay): Of Environmental Impact Assessments and 'Phantom Experts'

The Hague Justice Portal, 15 July 2010
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 14 Jan 2014
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 577 (58,393)

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International Court of Justice, International Environmental Law, International Dispute Settlement, Environmental Impact Assessment, International Experts

2.

Climate Change and Natural Disasters

THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM RIO TO RIO + 20, Fitzmaurice M, Maljean-Dubois S & Negri St (eds.) (Martinus Nijhoff 2014), pp. 80-99, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2014/01
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 14 Jan 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 381 (96,255)

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International Environmental Law, Climate Change, Natural Disasters, Rio 20, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol

3.

Interpreting the Customary Rules on Interpretation

University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper 2016-12
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 19 Mar 2016 Last Revised: 18 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 369 (99,806)
Citation 1

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interpretation, interpretation of treaties, interpretation of customary international law, customary international law, induction, deduction, assertion, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, VCLT

4.

The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol: The Challenges of Trying to Clean One's Own Nest

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, VOL. 5: INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS/MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS/INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS, A. Tanzi and M. Fitzmaurice (eds.) (Edward Elgar, 2017), Chapter 36, pp. 375-399, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper 2016-10
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 18 Mar 2016 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 327 (114,270)

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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, climate change, flexibility mechanisms, emissions, ‘top-down’ approach, ‘bottom-up’ approach, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, INDCs, linkage, COP/MOP decisions, State responsibility

5.

Re-Shaping Treaties While Balancing Interests of Stability and Change: Critical Issues in the Amendment/Modification/Revision of Treaties

Austrian Review of International and European Law, Forthcoming, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper 2016-11
Number of pages: 58 Posted: 18 Mar 2016 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris and Malgosia Fitzmaurice
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law
Downloads 183 (202,222)

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Amendment, Modification, revision, Law of Treaties, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Environmental Law, Multilateral Environmental Agreements

6.

In Dubio Mitius

P Merkouris, ‘In dubio mitius’ in J Klingler, Y Parkhomenko & C Salonidis (eds), Between the Lines of the Vienna Convention?: Canons and Other Principles of Interpretation in Public International Law (Wolters Kluwer, 2018) 259-306, TRICI-Law Research Paper Series No. 005/2018 University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2017-14
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 22 Jul 2017 Last Revised: 30 Dec 2019
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 171 (215,533)

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in dubio mitius, interpretation, construction, canons of construction, restrictive interpretation, interpretation of treaties, interpretation of customary international law, customary international law, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, VCLT

7.

The Political Economy of International Treaties

in: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, Alberta Fabbricotti (ed.), (Edward Elgar 2016) pp. 95-126 , University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 18/2015
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 04 Feb 2015 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 156 (231,722)

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treaty law, political economy, 'two-level analysis', rational choice theory, behavioral economics, evolutive interpretation, dynamic interpretation, normative conflict, regime conflict, Article 351 TFEU, prisoner's dilemma

8.

Uniformity Versus Specialization (1): The Quest for a Uniform Law of Inter-State Treaties

RESEARCH HANDBOOK ON THE LAW OF TREATIES, Christian J Tams, Andreas Zimmermann & Antonios Tzanakopoulos (eds.) (Edward Elgar 2014), pp. 341-374, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper 05/2014
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 10 Jan 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Malgosia Fitzmaurice and Panos Merkouris
Queen Mary University of London, School of Law and University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 94 (335,455)

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law of treaties, definition of treaty, consent to be bound, amendment & modification of treaties

9.

Interpreting Requests for ICJ Advisory Opinions: Saying What You Mean or Meaning What You Say?

Hague Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 28 (2014), pp. 93-112
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 16 Jan 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 89 (347,159)

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International Court of Justice (ICJ), Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), Advisory Opinion, Interpretation

10.

Treaty Interpretation and Its Rules: Of Motion Through Time, ‘Time-Will’ and ‘Time-Bubbles’

P Merkouris, 'Treaty Interpretation and Its Rules: Of Motion Through Time, "Time-Will" and "Time-Bubbles"', in P Merkouris & M Fitzmaurice, Treaties in Motion (CUP 2020), Chapter 4 TRICI-Law Research Paper Series No. 003/2019, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 8/2020
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 22 Jan 2020 Last Revised: 31 Dec 2020
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 59 (435,582)

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interpretation, customary international law, retroactivity, evolutive interpretation, dynamic interpretation, law of treaties, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)

11.

Is Cutting People's Electricity Off 'Cut Off' from the Ratione Materiae Jurisdiction of the CJEU and the ECtHR?

Brigit Toebes (ed.), Human Rights in Essential Public Services Provision (2015), Forthcoming, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2015/25
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 29 Apr 2015 Last Revised: 18 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 54 (453,795)
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right to electricity; right of access to electricity; social rights; economic rights; ECHR; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU; Article 8; private life; Article 3; degrading treatment; inhuman treatment

12.

The Principle of Systemic Integration

P Merkouris, 'The Principle of Systemic Integration' MPEiPro (2021) will be available here: http://www.mpi.lu/mpeipro/ (Forthcoming), TRICI-Law Research Paper Series No. 006/2020, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 43/2020
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 04 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 30 Jun 2021
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 28 (576,080)

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interpretation, customary international law, treaty interpretation, interpretation of customary international law, evolutive interpretation, dynamic interpretation, law of treaties, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)

13.

Final Report of the ILA Study Group on the Content and Evolution of the Rules of Interpretation

F Pazartzis, G Ulfstein, P Merkouris & D Peat, ‘Final Report of the ILA Study Group on the Content and Evolution of the Rules of Interpretation’ (ILA, 79th Biennial Conference, Kyoto, 2020) (available here: https://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx?DbStorageId=24298&StorageFileGuid=2e276), PluriCourts Research Paper, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 59/2020
Number of pages: 286 Posted: 03 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 23 Jun 2021
Photini Pazartzis, Geir Ulfstein, Panos Merkouris and Daniel Peat
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo, University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Leiden University - Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies
Downloads 22 (615,154)

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International Courts, International Tribunals, interpretation, VCLT, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, treaty interperation

14.

Final Report: The Interpretative Practice of the PCIJ/ICJ

University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper 47/2020, P Merkouris & D Peat, ‘Final Report: The Interpretative Practice of the PCIJ/ ICJ’ (ILA, 79th Biennial Conference, Kyoto, 2020) (available here: https://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx?DbStorageId=24296&StorageFileGuid=9a6e74e1-a462-42f5-904d-813f34ab42b8) TRICI-Law Research Paper Series
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 03 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 29 Jun 2021
Panos Merkouris and Daniel Peat
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Leiden University - Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies
Downloads 22 (615,154)

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International Court of Justice, Permanent Court of International Justice, ICJ, PCIJ, interpretation, VCLT, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, treaty interperation

15.

Reservations to Treaties

C Binder et al (eds), Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights (Edward Elgar 2021, forthcoming); The Rules of Interpretation of Customary International Law Paper Series 005/2020, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 57/2020
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 08 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 23 Jun 2021
Sotirios-Ioannis Lekkas and Panos Merkouris
Department of Transboundary Legal Studies, University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 19 (635,889)

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Law of Treaties; International Human Rights Law

16.

Time-Travelling Rules of Interpretation: Of ‘Time-Will’ and ‘Time-Bubbles’

Merkouris, ‘Time-Travelling Rules of Interpretation: Of “Time-Will” and “Time-Bubbles”’ in L Pasquet, K Polackova van der Ploeg, and L Castellanos Jankiewicz (eds), International Law and Time: Narratives and Techniques (Springer 2021 Forthcoming), University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 58/2020
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 03 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 23 Jun 2021
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 16 (657,154)

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interpretation, customary international law, retroactivity, evolutive interpretation, dynamic interpretation, law of treaties, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), customary international law

17.

Final Report on The UN Human Rights Committee and other Human Rights Treaty Bodies

University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 46/2020 , P Merkouris & F Pazartzis, ‘Final Report on The UN Human Rights Committee and other Human Rights Treaty Bodies’ (ILA, 79th Biennial Conference, Kyoto, 2020) (available here: https://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx? DbStorageId=24287&StorageFileGuid=c9f48971-97b0-4d84-8bb4- f866273942c8)
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 03 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 29 Jun 2021
Photini Pazartzis and Panos Merkouris
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Law and University of Groningen - Faculty of Law
Downloads 14 (671,937)

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Human Rights Committee, HRCttee, Human Rights Treaty Bodies, interpretation, VCLT, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, treaty interperation

18.

Preliminary Report on the Interpretative Practice of the PCIJ/ ICJ

P Merkouris & D Peat, ‘Preliminary Report: The Interpretative Practice of the PCIJ/ ICJ’ (ILA, 78th Biennial Conference, Sydney, 2018) (available here: http://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx?DbStorageId=9984&StorageFileGuid=05178275-5946-4ad6-bd09-c328b884eff1) TRICI-Law Research Paper, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 4/2021
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 08 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 26 Jul 2021
Panos Merkouris and Daniel Peat
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Leiden University - Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies
Downloads 13 (679,500)

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International Court Of Justice, Permanent Court Of International Justice, ICJ, PCIJ, Interpretation, VCLT, Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties, Treaty Interperation

19.

‘Preliminary Report on The UN Human Rights Committee and other Human Rights Treaty Bodies’

Pazartzis, Photini and Merkouris, Panos, Preliminary Report on The UN Human Rights Committee and other Human Rights Treaty Bodies . P Merkouris & F Pazartzis, ‘Preliminary Report on The UN Human Rights Committee and other Human Rights Treaty Bodies’ (ILA, 78th Biennial Conference, Sydney, 2018) (ava, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 5/2021
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 08 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 12 Jul 2021
Panos Merkouris and Photini Pazartzis
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Law
Downloads 11 (694,938)
Citation 1

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Human Rights Committee, HRCttee, Human Rights Treaty Bodies, Interpretation, VCLT, Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties, Treaty Interpretation

20.

Interim Report of the ILA Study Group on the Content and Evolution of the Rules of Interpretation

F Pazartzis, G Ulfstein, P Merkouris & D Peat, ‘Interim Report of the ILA Study Group on the Content and Evolution of the Rules of Interpretation’ (ILA, 78th Biennial Conference, Sydney, 2018), University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 42/2020, PluriCourts Research Paper
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 08 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 23 Jun 2021
Panos Merkouris, Photini Pazartzis, Geir Ulfstein and Daniel Peat
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo and Leiden University - Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies
Downloads 4 (749,336)

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International Courts, International Tribunals, interpretation, VCLT, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, treaty interperation

21.

Treaties in Motion: The Evolution of Treaties from Formation to Termination

P Merkouris & M Fitzmaurice, Treaties in Motion: The Evolution of Treaties from Formation to Termination (CUP 2020), University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 45/2020
Posted: 08 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 23 Jun 2021
Panos Merkouris and Malgosia Fitzmaurice
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

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treaty law, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, motion, evolution, change, customary international law

22.

The Political Economy of International Law. A European Perspective

The Political Economy of International Law. A European Perspective, by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2016
Posted: 10 Aug 2016 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Alberta Fabbricotti, Eyal Benvenisti, Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, Barbara Delcourt, Evisa Kica, Ulyana Kohut, Tobias A. Lehmann, Meredith Kolsky Lewis, Marion Panizzon, Panos Merkouris, Andre Nollkaemper, Niels Petersen, Paul B. Stephan, Joel P. Trachtman, Anne van Aaken, Daniela Vitiello, Andreas von Staden, Ramses A. Wessel and Jan Wouters
Sapienza University of Rome, University of Cambridge - Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Geneva - Faculty of Law - Department of Public International Law, Independent, Independent, Independent, University of St. Gallen - LS: School of Law, Students, University at Buffalo Law School, University of Bern Law School, University of Groningen - Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam - Amsterdam Center for International Law, University of Muenster – Faculty of Law, University of Virginia School of Law, Tufts University - The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, University of Hamburg, Law School, Independent, Universität Hamburg, University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and KU Leuven - Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies

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23.

(Inter)Temporal Considerations in the Interpretative Process of the VCLT: Do Treaties Endure, Perdure or Exdure?

Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 45 (2014), pp. 121-156
Posted: 18 Jul 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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interpretation, treaty law, intertemporal law, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, endurantism, perdurantism, exdurantism, contemporaneity, evolutive interpretation, dynamic interpretation

24.

Scope of the 1992 Water Convention

in: THE UNECE CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION AND USE OF TRANSBOUNDARY WATERCOURSES AND INTERNATIONAL LAKES: ITS CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL WATER COOPERATION, Attila Tanzi et al. (eds.), (Martinus Nijhoff 2014) pp. 103-115 , University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper 2014-16
Posted: 31 May 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris and Malgosia Fitzmaurice
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

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Water Convention, Scope ratione personae, scope ratione materiae, scope ratione loci

25.

Environmental Compliance Mechanisms

Oxford Bibliographies Online (2012)
Posted: 19 Feb 2014
Panos Merkouris and Malgosia Fitzmaurice
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

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International Environmental Law, Environmental Compliance, Non-compliance procedures, Multilateral environmental agreements (MEA), UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Montreal protocol

26.

Amendment and Modification of Non-proliferation Treaties

in: Dan Joyner and Marco Roscini (eds.), NONPROLIFERATION LAW AS A SPECIAL REGIME: A CONTRIBUTION TO FRAGMENTATION THEORY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW (CUP 2012) pp. 17-54 ISBN: 9781107009714
Posted: 19 Feb 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jul 2017
Panos Merkouris and Malgosia Fitzmaurice
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

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Non-Proliferation Law, Non-Proliferation treaties, Amendment, Modification, Special regime, self-contained regime, fragmentation, diversification

27.

Interpretation is a Science, is an Art, is a Science

in: Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Olufemi Elias & PanosMerkouris (eds), TREATY INTERPRETATION AND THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES: 30 YEARS ON (Martinus Nijhoff 2010), pp. 1-16 ISBN: 9789004181045
Posted: 19 Feb 2014 Last Revised: 27 Mar 2015
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), treaty interpretation

28.

Assisted Suicide in the Jurisprudence of the ECtHR: A Matter of Life and Death

In: Stefania Negri (ed.), BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH: REGULATING ADVANCE DIRECTIVES, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES (Martinus Nijhoff 2012) PP. 107-126 ISBN: 9789004223578
Posted: 19 Feb 2014
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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Euthanasia, Assisted Suicide, right to life, right to death, European Court of Human Rights, Human Rights,

29.

The Principle of Sustainable Development and Best Available Technology Under International Law

in: Karen Makuch and Ricardo Pereira (eds.), ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY LAW (Blackwell Publishing 2012), pp. 37-60 ISBN: 9781405177870
Posted: 19 Feb 2014
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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sustainable development, international environmental law, Best Available Technique, Best Available Technology, BAT

30.

'Third Party' Considerations and 'Corrective Interpretation' in the Interpretative Use of Travaux Preparatoires: Is it Fahrenheit 451 for Preparatory Work?

in: Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Olufemi Elias & Panos Merkouris (eds), TREATY INTERPRETATION AND THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES: 30 YEARS ON (Martinus Nijhoff 2010), pp. 75-98 ISBN: 9789004181045
Posted: 31 Jan 2014
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), treaty interpretation, Article 32 VCLT, travaux preparatoires, preparatory work

31.

The Advisory Jurisdiction of the Permanent Court of International Justice in Practice: A Tale of Two Scopes

Malgosia Fitzmaurice and Christian Tams (eds.) LASTING LEGACIES OF THE PERMANENT COURT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE (Martinus Nijhoff 2013), pp. 69-88 ISBN: 9789004244931
Posted: 30 Jan 2014
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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International Law, Advisory Opinion, Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ)

32.

Canons of Treaty Interpretation: Selected Case Studies from the World Trade Organization and the North American Free Trade Agreement

Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Olufemi Elias & Panos Merkouris (eds), TREATY INTERPRETATION AND THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES: 30 YEARS ON (Martinus Nijhoff 2010), pp. 153-238 ISBN: 9789004181045
Posted: 30 Jan 2014
Panos Merkouris and Malgosia Fitzmaurice
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

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Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), treaty interpretation, World Trade Organization (WTO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

33.

Debating the Ouroboros of International Law: The Drafting History of Article 31(3)(c)

International Community Law Review Vol.9, Issue 1 (2007) pp. 1-31 or DOI: 10.1163/187197407X196721
Posted: 25 Jan 2014
Panos Merkouris
University of Groningen - Faculty of Law

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Article 31(3)(c), principle of systemic integration, law of treaties, interpretation, International Law Commission, Institut de droit international