S. Michael Gaddis

NWEA

Senior Research Scientist

121 NW Everett Street

Portland, OR 97209

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

37

DOWNLOADS
Rank 9,270

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 9,270

in Total Papers Downloads

10,635

TOTAL CITATIONS
Rank 8,703

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 8,703

in Total Papers Citations

161

Scholarly Papers (37)

1.

Discrimination in the Credential Society: An Audit Study of Race and College Selectivity in the Labor Market

Social Forces, 93(4):1451-79.
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 29 Jan 2014 Last Revised: 25 Jun 2021
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 1,979 (18,093)
Citation 19

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education, credentials, race, discrimination, inequality, employment, labor markets, higher education, audit study

2.

An Introduction to Audit Studies in the Social Sciences

Gaddis, S. Michael. 2017. “An Introduction to Audit Studies in the Social Sciences.” In Audit Studies: Behind the Scenes with Theory, Method, and Nuance, edited by S. M. Gaddis, Springer.
Number of pages: 71 Posted: 24 Aug 2017
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 1,965 (18,306)
Citation 29

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Audit Studies, Correspondence Audits, Discrimination, Field Experiments

3.

Discrimination Against Black and Hispanic Americans is Highest in Hiring and Housing Contexts: A Meta-Analysis of Correspondence Audits

Number of pages: 37 Posted: 31 Jan 2022
S. Michael Gaddis, Edvard Larsen, Charles Crabtree and John Holbein
NWEA, University of Oslo, Dartmouth College and University of Virginia
Downloads 792 (68,759)
Citation 17

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racial/ethnic discrimination, correspondence audit, field experiment, meta-analysis

4.

Moving to the City: An Audit Study Examining the Consequences of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination on Residential Segregation

Number of pages: 14 Posted: 15 May 2015 Last Revised: 09 Dec 2020
S. Michael Gaddis, Nicholas DiRago and Raj Andrew Ghoshal
NWEA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology and Elon University
Downloads 770 (71,354)
Citation 6

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race, discrimination, audit, experiment, residential segregation, craigslist, racial discrimination, inequality, audit study

5.
Downloads 535 (113,732)
Citation 14

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racial discrimination, social class, names, audit studies, survey experiments, field experiments, treatment validity, names, experiment, social class perceptions, racial bias

6.

Audit Studies of Housing Discrimination in the United States: Established, Emerging, and Future Research

Number of pages: 17 Posted: 24 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 02 Feb 2023
S. Michael Gaddis and Nicholas DiRago
NWEA and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology
Downloads 447 (141,417)
Citation 1

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housing, discrimination, race, audit studies, field experiments

7.

How Black Are Lakisha and Jamal? Racial Perceptions from Names Used in Correspondence Audit Studies

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 09 Jul 2016 Last Revised: 27 May 2017
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 444 (142,480)
Citation 11

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Racial Discrimination, Inequality, Names, Audit Studies, Survey Experiments, Field Experiments

8.

Do Naming Practices Influence Boundary Crossing for Immigrants in the U.S.? Experimental Evidence on Perceptions of Multi-Generational Nativity, Citizenship Status, and Race/Ethnicity

Number of pages: 44 Posted: 04 Mar 2019 Last Revised: 03 Oct 2024
S. Michael Gaddis, A. Nicole Kreisberg and Charles Crabtree
NWEA, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Dartmouth College
Downloads 371 (174,793)
Citation 16

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inequality, names, immigration, audit studies, experiments, immigration, citizenship, nativity, boundary formation, race, ethnicity, bias experiments

9.

Dynamic Racial Triangulation: Examining the Racial Order Using an Experiment on Discrimination by White Millennials

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 17 May 2019 Last Revised: 11 Mar 2020
S. Michael Gaddis and Raj Andrew Ghoshal
NWEA and Elon University
Downloads 354 (184,074)
Citation 2

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race/ethnicity, inequality, racial order, correspondence audit, discrimination

10.

3Ms of 3G: Testing Three Mechanisms of Three-Generational Educational Mobility in the U. S.

Number of pages: 67 Posted: 06 Jan 2016 Last Revised: 29 Nov 2019
Jonathan Daw, S. Michael Gaddis and Anne Roback Morse
Pennsylvania State University, NWEA and Pennsylvania State University
Downloads 272 (243,849)
Citation 3

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intergenerational mobility, educational attainment, education, mobility, inequality, grandparents

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social capital, cultural capital, habitus, academic achievement, educational inequality

12.

'I Don't Agree with Giving Cash': A Survey Experiment Examining Support for Public Assistance

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 28 Apr 2015
Colin Campbell and S. Michael Gaddis
Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin - Madison and NWEA
Downloads 220 (300,889)
Citation 6

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welfare, public assistance, poverty, survey experiment

13.

Correspondence Audit Studies are Necessary to Understand Discrimination

Number of pages: 5 Posted: 29 Mar 2021
S. Michael Gaddis and Charles Crabtree
NWEA and Dartmouth College
Downloads 204 (323,344)

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audit, audit studies, correspondence audit, discrimination

14.
Downloads 175 (371,876)
Citation 2

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race/ethnicity, discrimination, field experiment, survey experiment, correspondence audit

15.

Racial/Ethnic Perceptions from Hispanic Names: Selecting Names to Test for Discrimination

Socius, 3:1-11, 2017
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 30 May 2017 Last Revised: 27 Oct 2017
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 175 (371,876)
Citation 4

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Names, Audit Studies, Survey Experiments, Field Experiments, Discrimination

16.

Contextualizing Public Stigma: Endorsed Mental Health Treatment Stigma on College and University Campuses

Social Science & Medicine 197, 183-191
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 02 Jun 2017 Last Revised: 22 Sep 2018
S. Michael Gaddis, Daniel Ramirez and Erik Hernandez
NWEA, Pennsylvania State University, College of the Liberal Arts, Department of Sociology and Pennsylvania State University, College of the Liberal Arts, Department of Sociology
Downloads 167 (387,520)

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Stigma, Mental Health, Higher Education, Institutional Context

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race/ethnicity, discrimination, social desirability bias, survey experiment, field experiment, attitudinal fallacy, predicted behavior, social psychology

18.

The Transmission of Educational Advantage across Three Generations: Grandparent Effects and Spousal Mediation in the Second Generation

Number of pages: 56 Posted: 19 Dec 2016 Last Revised: 16 May 2025
S. Michael Gaddis and Jonathan Daw
NWEA and Pennsylvania State University
Downloads 156 (410,965)
Citation 3

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Intergenerational Mobility, Educational Attainment, Mobility, Inequality, Grandparents

19.

Searching for a Roommate: A Correspondence Audit Examining Racial/Ethnic and Immigrant Discrimination among Millennials

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 13 Dec 2019 Last Revised: 11 Oct 2021
S. Michael Gaddis and Raj Andrew Ghoshal
NWEA and Elon University
Downloads 142 (443,833)
Citation 15

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race/ethnicity, immigration, inequality, correspondence audit, discrimination

20.

Can Adolescents Acquire Cultural Capital Through Social Capital Access and Exposure? Longitudinal Experimental Evidence of the Impact of Ties to College-Educated Adults

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 16 Jun 2021 Last Revised: 04 Feb 2022
S. Michael Gaddis and Joseph Murphy
NWEA and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology
Downloads 140 (448,890)

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cultural capital, social capital, educational inequality, socioeconomic status

21.

Enhancing Big Data in the Social Sciences with Crowdsourcing: Data Augmentation Practices, Techniques, and Opportunities

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 28 Sep 2016 Last Revised: 27 May 2017
Nathaniel Porter, Ashton Verdery and S. Michael Gaddis
Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University and NWEA
Downloads 127 (485,540)
Citation 4

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Big Data, Mechanical Turk, MTurk, Crowdsourcing

22.

Despite Positive Racial Attitudes, Racial Discrimination is Prevalent Among Millennials

Number of pages: 6 Posted: 18 Mar 2021
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 112 (534,642)

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23.

Understanding Discrimination in College Admissions: A Field Experiment

Number of pages: 64 Posted: 08 Nov 2024
Clemson University, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, George Mason University - Mercatus Center, Clemson University - John E. Walker Department of Economics and NWEA
Downloads 97 (592,831)

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Discrimination, Education, Field Experiments

24.

COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and the Reproduction of Urban Spatial Inequality: Disparities Within Large U.S. Cities in March and April 2021 by Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Composition

Number of pages: 72 Posted: 19 Nov 2021
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, University of Southern California - Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology, Cornell University - Department of Policy Analysis and Management and NWEA
Downloads 93 (609,017)
Citation 1

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COVID-19, disparities, inequality, neighborhood, pandemic, race, socioeconomic, spatial, urban, vaccine

25.

Frontiers of Sociological Research on Networks, Work, and Inequality

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 03 Jul 2021
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, NWEA, California State University Channel Islands and Purdue University - Department of Sociology
Downloads 69 (725,268)
Citation 1

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networks, employment, inequality, work, social capital

26.

Changes in the Amount and Type of Social Science Research on Discrimination: 1950 to 2015

Number of pages: 5 Posted: 06 Dec 2021
Charles Crabtree, S. Michael Gaddis, John Holbein and Edvard Larsen
Dartmouth College, NWEA, University of Virginia and University of Oslo
Downloads 68 (731,010)
Citation 2

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discrimination, inequality, social science

27.

Job Characteristics, Job Preferences, and Physical and Mental Health in Later Life

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5:1-18.
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 27 Mar 2017 Last Revised: 25 Jun 2021
Jessica Hardie, Jonathan Daw and S. Michael Gaddis
Hunter College, CUNY, Pennsylvania State University and NWEA
Downloads 61 (774,245)

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health, employment, job characteristics, job preferences, mental health, SES

28.

The Generational Boundaries of Educational Advantage: Does Great-Grandparent Educational Attainment Predict Great-Grandchild Early Academic Achievement?

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 12 Apr 2021
Megan Evans, Jonathan Daw and S. Michael Gaddis
Pennsylvania State University - Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University and NWEA
Downloads 58 (794,414)
Citation 1

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great-grandparents, education, academic achievement, multigenerational mobility, intergenerational transmission, stratification

29.

Variations in Endorsed and Perceived Mental Health Treatment Stigma Across U.S. Higher Education Institutions

Stigma and Health, 5(3):323-330.
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 24 Aug 2018 Last Revised: 25 Jun 2021
S. Michael Gaddis, Daniel Ramirez and Erik Hernandez
NWEA, Pennsylvania State University, College of the Liberal Arts, Department of Sociology and Pennsylvania State University, College of the Liberal Arts, Department of Sociology
Downloads 49 (862,150)

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Stigma, Mental Health, Higher Education, College Students, Institutional Context

30.

Local Political Party Voting Context Moderates Public School Principals’ Levels of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination

Number of pages: 18 Posted: 15 Apr 2024
S. Michael Gaddis, Charles Crabtree, John Holbein and Steven Pfaff
NWEA, Dartmouth College, University of Virginia and University of Washington - Sociology
Downloads 46 (887,590)

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discrimination, field experiment, correspondence audit, moderation, race/ethnicity, principals, public schools

31.

Changes Over Time in COVID-19 Vaccination Inequalities in Eight Large U.S. Cities

Number of pages: 10 Posted: 05 Jan 2022
S. Michael Gaddis, Colleen M. Carey and Nicholas DiRago
NWEA, Cornell University - Department of Policy Analysis and Management and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Sociology
Downloads 43 (914,165)

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COVID-19, disparities, inequality, neighborhood, pandemic, socioeconomic, spatial, urban, vaccine

32.

Membership has its Privileges: An Experiment Examining How Alumni Affiliation and Race Influence Job-Finding Assistance

Number of pages: 54 Posted: 13 Jan 2025
S. Michael Gaddis and Steve McDonald
NWEA and Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Downloads 35 (992,242)

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social capital, employment, job search, education, alumni, network, inequality, race, college, higher education

33.

Missing Results of Discrimination: A Systematically Comparative Meta-Analysis and Re-Examinations of Racial, Gender, and Intersectional Discrimination using Correspondence Audits

Number of pages: 69 Posted: 06 May 2025
NWEA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), University of Oslo, Dartmouth College and University of Virginia
Downloads 32 (1,046,374)

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racial/ethnic discrimination, gender discrimination, correspondence audit, field experiment, meta-analysis

34.

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Heterogeneity Across Schools in the U.S. Public Education System: A Correspondence Audit of Principals

Number of pages: 52 Posted: 20 Feb 2024 Last Revised: 01 May 2025
S. Michael Gaddis, Charles Crabtree, John Holbein and Steven Pfaff
NWEA, Dartmouth College, University of Virginia and University of Washington - Sociology
Downloads 8 (1,299,482)

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discrimination, public schools, principals, race/ethnicity, correspondence audit, field experiment

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correspondence audit

36.

When Kids Enter the Classroom with Unequal Backgrounds: A Primer on Cultural Capital

Number of pages: 5 Posted: 27 May 2025
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 1 (1,340,696)

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cultural capital, educational inequality, inequality, academic achievement

37.

Re-Examining Discrimination in the Credential Society

Number of pages: 2 Last Revised: 05 May 2025
S. Michael Gaddis
NWEA
Downloads 0

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racial/ethnic discrimination, gender discrimination, intersectional discrimination, correspondence audit, educational credentials