Jonathan H. Choi

University of Southern California

2250 Alcazar Street

Los Angeles, CA 90089

United States

University of Southern California Gould School of Law

699 Exposition Blvd.

Los Angeles, CA 90089

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

18

DOWNLOADS
Rank 1,058

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 1,058

in Total Papers Downloads

49,126

TOTAL CITATIONS
Rank 28,367

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 28,367

in Total Papers Citations

281

Scholarly Papers (18)

1.

ChatGPT Goes to Law School

71 Journal of Legal Education 387 (2022)
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 25 Jan 2023 Last Revised: 13 Mar 2025
University of Southern California, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities - School of Law, University of Minnesota Law School and University of Minnesota Law School
Downloads 17,211 (491)
Citation 203

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ChatGPT, law school, AI, natural language processing, Legal Data, NLP, Legal NLP, Legal Analytics, natural language understanding, evaluation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence and law

2.

Lawyering in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

109 Minnesota Law Review (Forthcoming 2024), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23-31
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 09 Nov 2023 Last Revised: 15 May 2024
Jonathan H. Choi, Amy Monahan and Daniel Schwarcz
University of Southern California, University of Minnesota Law School and University of Minnesota Law School
Downloads 10,061 (1,212)
Citation 14

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3.

AI Tools for Lawyers: A Practical Guide

108 Minnesota Law Review Headnotes 1 (2023), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 14 Apr 2023 Last Revised: 27 Oct 2023
Daniel Schwarcz and Jonathan H. Choi
University of Minnesota Law School and University of Southern California
Downloads 9,744 (1,279)
Citation 5

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Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Model, Legal Research and Writing, GPT, ChatGPT

4.

AI Assistance in Legal Analysis: An Empirical Study

73 Journal of Legal Education (forthcoming, 2024)
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 16 Aug 2023 Last Revised: 28 Apr 2025
Jonathan H. Choi and Daniel Schwarcz
University of Southern California and University of Minnesota Law School
Downloads 5,960 (2,968)
Citation 28

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AI, ChatGPT, Legal Reasoning

5.

How to Use Large Language Models for Empirical Legal Research

Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (Forthcoming), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23-23
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 13 Aug 2023
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 1,056 (46,194)
Citation 6

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large language models, LLMs, artificial intelligence, AI, empirical legal studies, computational analysis of law, natural language processing, machine learning

6.

Measuring Clarity in Legal Text

91 University of Chicago Law Review (forthcoming 2024)
Number of pages: 82 Posted: 15 Jul 2022 Last Revised: 21 Feb 2024
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 893 (58,415)

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corpus linguistics, computational analysis of law, statutory interpretation, contract law, constitutional law, natural language processing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, word embeddings

7.

An Empirical Study of Statutory Interpretation in Tax Law

95 New York University Law Review 363 (2020)
Number of pages: 79 Posted: 30 Sep 2019 Last Revised: 10 Jun 2020
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 868 (60,842)

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Taxation, Federal Income Taxation, Statutory Interpretation, Legislation, Administrative Law, Chevron, Textualism, Purposivism, IRS, Tax Code, Empirical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Computational Empirical Studies

8.

The Substantive Canons of Tax Law

72 Stanford Law Review 195 (2020)
Number of pages: 66 Posted: 17 Jun 2019 Last Revised: 02 Mar 2020
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 528 (115,216)

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Taxation, Federal Income Taxation, Statutory Interpretation, Legislation

9.

In Defense of the Billable Hour: A Monitoring Theory of Law Firm Fees

70 S.C. L. Rev. 297 (2018)
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 18 Oct 2014 Last Revised: 02 Feb 2019
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 464 (134,798)

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Billable hour, alternative fee arrangements, law firms, legal profession, agency theory, law & history, law & economics

10.

Subjective Costs of Tax Compliance

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2023-05, Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 64 Posted: 02 Feb 2023 Last Revised: 22 Jun 2023
Jonathan H. Choi and Ariel Jurow Kleiman
University of Southern California and University of Southern California Gould School of Law
Downloads 438 (144,194)

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tax compliance, tax policy, tax, tax administration, discrete choice, willingness to pay, tax credits, EITC, tax simplification, tax reform

11.

Large Language Models as Tax Attorneys: A Case Study in Legal Capabilities Emergence

Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23-15, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 23-48
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 22 Jun 2023 Last Revised: 13 Feb 2025
Stanford University - CodeX - Center for Legal Informatics, Independent, Northwestern University - Pritzker School of Law, Independent, KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHARWAD, Independent, Independent, University of Southern California and Independent
Downloads 432 (146,947)
Citation 11

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Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Models, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Retrieval Augmented Generation, Computational Law, AI Alignment, Law-Informed AI, Law Informs Code, Benchmarking

12.

Legalbench: A Collaboratively Built Benchmark for Measuring Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models

2023 Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Datasets and Benchmarks Track, Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 4583531
Number of pages: 143 Posted: 06 Dec 2023
Stanford University, Stanford Law School, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, University of Chicago - Law School, Maxime Tools, Stanford University - Department of Management Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Georgetown University, Dartmouth College - Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Maxime Tools, LawBeta, University of California, Santa Barbara, South Texas College of Law Houston, University of Toronto - Faculty of Law, University of Nebraska at Lincoln - College of Law, Harvard University, Harvard Law School, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford University, University of Bern - Faculty of Science, Stanford University - CodeX - Center for Legal Informatics, University of Southern California, Georgetown University Law Center, Stanford Legal Design Lab, Stanford University - Stanford Codex Center, University of Virginia School of Law, Maxime Tools, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Princeton University - Center for Information Technology Policy, Centre for Refugee Studies, Refugee Law Lab & Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Harvard University, Casetext, California Western School of Law, Indiana University Bloomington, Harvard Law School, Independent and Stanford University
Downloads 372 (173,656)
Citation 12

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legal practice, law and technology, large language models, artificial intelligence, empirical legal methods, machine learning

13.

Off-the-Shelf Large Language Models Are Unreliable Judges

Number of pages: 135 Posted: 08 Apr 2025 Last Revised: 07 May 2025
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 309 (214,791)

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generative interpretation, large language models, llms, legal interpretation, artificial intelligence, prompt sensitivity, ordinary meaning, AI judges, legal reasoning, judicial decisionmaking, prompt engineering, model sensitivity, post-training, empirical legal studies, textualism, statutory interpretation, computational linguistics, legal technology, contract interpretation

14.

Legal Analysis, Policy Analysis, and the Price of Deference: An Empirical Study of Mayo and Chevron

38 Yale Journal on Regulation 818 (2021)
Number of pages: 90 Posted: 30 Oct 2020 Last Revised: 13 Aug 2021
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 291 (226,594)
Citation 2

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tax law, empirical legal studies, administrative law, judicial deference, law and economics, mayo, chevron, national muffler

15.

Early Release in International Criminal Law

123 Yale Law Journal 1784 (2014)
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 15 Apr 2014 Last Revised: 06 Nov 2018
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 241 (275,392)

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International Criminal Law, Early Release, Enforcement, ICTR, ICTY, MICT, ICC

16.

Beyond Purposivism in Tax Law

107 Iowa Law Review 1439 (2022)
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 09 Jun 2022
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California
Downloads 136 (457,655)

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tax law, statutory interpretation, purposivism

17.

Estimating and Correcting for Misclassification Error in Empirical Textual Research

Number of pages: 45 Posted: 05 Sep 2024 Last Revised: 01 Feb 2025
Jonathan H. Choi and Paul Connell
University of Southern California and Columbia University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Economics
Downloads 122 (498,841)

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Misclassification Error, LLMs, Empirical Legal Studies

18.

Tax Commitment Devices

15 Journal of Business & Securities Law 1 (2015)
Posted: 09 Feb 2015 Last Revised: 02 Dec 2019
Jonathan H. Choi
University of Southern California

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Tax, Taxation, Legislation, Commitment Devices