Karen Clay

Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management

Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890

United States

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

1050 Massachusetts Avenue

Cambridge, MA 02138

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

39

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7,615

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Top 3,220

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396

Scholarly Papers (39)

Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the U.S. Temperature-Mortality Relationship Over the 20th Century

Journal of Political Economy, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 21 Dec 2012 Last Revised: 25 Aug 2015
UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara - College of Letters & Science - Department of Economics, University of Chicago - Department of Economics and University of California, Berkeley
Downloads 1,307 (30,902)
Citation 5

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climate change, health, adaptation, extreme temperature, air conditioning, mortality

Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the U.S. Temperature-Mortality Relationship Over the 20th Century

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8915
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 30 Mar 2015 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara - College of Letters & Science - Department of Economics, University of Chicago - Department of Economics and University of California, Berkeley
Downloads 184 (324,459)
Citation 138

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air conditioning, temperature, health, climate change adaptation

Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the U.S. Temperature-Mortality Relationship Over the 20th Century

NBER Working Paper No. w18692
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 12 Jan 2013 Last Revised: 28 Jan 2023
UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara - College of Letters & Science - Department of Economics, University of Chicago - Department of Economics and University of California, Berkeley
Downloads 63 (698,927)
Citation 21

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2.

An Empirical Analysis of Network Externalities in Peer-to-Peer Music Sharing Networks

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 17 Sep 2003
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 1,554 (24,294)
Citation 34

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peer-to-peer, file sharing, empirical, network externalities, network size

3.

Order Without Law? Property Rights During the California Gold Rush

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 12 Aug 2003
Karen Clay and Gavin Wright
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and Stanford University - Department of Economics
Downloads 589 (92,852)
Citation 9

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property rights, institutions, gold rush

4.

Static and Dynamic Pricing in Online Markets

Number of pages: 34 Posted: 02 Sep 2004
Karen Clay, Michael D. Smith and Eric Wolff
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 533 (105,285)

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Internet, pricing, dynamic pricing, static pricing, books, oligopoly

5.

Tariff Choice with Consumer Learning and Switching Costs

Number of pages: 42 Posted: 27 Feb 2006 Last Revised: 15 Oct 2010
Ronald L. Goettler and Karen Clay
University of Rochester - Simon School of Business and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 376 (158,621)
Citation 24

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consumer learning, price discrimination, dynamic discrete choice

6.

Squatters, Production, and Violence

Number of pages: 42 Posted: 28 Feb 2006
Karen Clay
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 252 (242,643)
Citation 4

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property rights, agricultural production, California

7.

Initial Conditions, Institutional Dynamics and Economic Performance: Evidence from the American States

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 10 Jan 2004
Daniel Berkowitz and Karen Clay
University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 229 (265,348)
Citation 16

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Common law, civil law, transplant, initial conditions, state courts and public corruption

What Explains Cross-City Variation in Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic? Evidence from 438 U.S. Cities

Number of pages: 42 Posted: 07 Mar 2019
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 165 (357,537)
Citation 2

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influenza, air pollution, mortality

What Explains Cross-City Variation in Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic? Evidence from 438 U.S. Cities

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12177
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 21 May 2019 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 36 (887,866)
Citation 24

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air pollution, mortality, pandemic, influenza

9.

Will Adaptation to Climate Change Be Slow and Costly? Evidence from High Temperatures and Mortality, 1900-2004

Number of pages: 19 Posted: 22 Jan 2015 Last Revised: 27 Jan 2015
UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara - College of Letters & Science - Department of Economics, University of Chicago - Department of Economics and University of California, Berkeley
Downloads 169 (350,340)
Citation 20

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H04, I01, Q04, Q05

10.

Uncertain Property Rights and Agricultural Production: Evidence from Post-Gold-Rush California

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 28 Feb 2006
Karen Clay
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 153 (381,038)
Citation 2

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property rights, agricultural production, California

11.

Legal Origins and the Evolution of Institutions: Evidence from American State Courts

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 26 Jun 2007
Daniel Berkowitz and Karen Clay
University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 143 (402,500)
Citation 2

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Civil law, persistence, judicial independence, political culture.

12.

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and its Lessons for Covid-19

NBER Working Paper No. w27673
Number of pages: 76 Posted: 17 Aug 2020 Last Revised: 11 Feb 2023
College of William and Mary - Department of Economics, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and Rutgers University
Downloads 138 (413,925)
Citation 20

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The Legacy Lead Deposition in Soils and Its Impact on Cognitive Function in Preschool-Aged Children in the United States

Number of pages: 50 Posted: 09 Mar 2019
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 99 (535,352)

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lead, soil, cognitive function

The Legacy Lead Deposition in Soils and its Impact on Cognitive Function in Preschool-Aged Children in the United States

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12178
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 21 May 2019 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 34 (905,419)

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pre-school children, cognition, legacy lead in soil

14.
Downloads 128 (438,971)
Citation 6

Toxic Truth: Lead and Fertility

NBER Working Paper No. w24607
Number of pages: 83 Posted: 25 May 2018 Last Revised: 27 Mar 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 92 (562,075)
Citation 6

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Toxic Truth: Lead and Fertility

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11541
Number of pages: 74 Posted: 30 May 2018 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 36 (887,363)

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fertility, lead in topsoil, lead in gasoline, lead in air, Clean Air Act

15.

Prices and Price Dispersion on the Web: Evidence from the Online Book Industry

NBER Working Paper No. w8271
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 05 May 2001 Last Revised: 08 Aug 2022
Karen Clay, Ramayya Krishnan and Eric Wolff
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 116 (473,152)
Citation 8

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16.

Lead Pipes and Child Mortality

NBER Working Paper No. w12603
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 20 Oct 2006 Last Revised: 10 Dec 2022
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics and Colgate University - Economics Department
Downloads 111 (488,852)

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17.

Recent Increases in Air Pollution: Evidence and Implications for Mortality

NBER Working Paper No. w26381
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 21 Oct 2019 Last Revised: 30 Jan 2023
Karen Clay and Nicholas Z. Muller
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and Carnegie Mellon University - David A. Tepper School of Business
Downloads 107 (502,099)
Citation 3

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Coal, Smoke, and Death: Bituminous Coal and American Home Heating

NBER Working Paper No. w19881
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 11 Feb 2014 Last Revised: 12 May 2023
Alan I. Barreca, Karen Clay and Joel Tarr
UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and World Bank
Downloads 55 (746,284)
Citation 10

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Coal, Smoke, and Death: Bituminous Coal and American Home Heating

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7987
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 01 Mar 2014
Alan I. Barreca, Karen Clay and Joel Tarr
UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and World Bank
Downloads 40 (853,766)

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air pollution, coal, mortality, infant mortality, heating

19.

Judicial Independence and Minority Interests

Conference on Empirical Studies and Judges, Harvard Law School, November 10, 2006
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 12 Sep 2007
University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh - Department of Political Science and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 92 (555,937)

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20.

The External Costs of Transporting Petroleum Products by Pipelines and Rail: Evidence from Shipments of Crude Oil from North Dakota

NBER Working Paper No. w23852
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 25 Sep 2017 Last Revised: 05 Mar 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellon University - David A. Tepper School of Business and University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics
Downloads 88 (571,394)
Citation 6

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Pollution, Infectious Disease, and Mortality: Evidence from the 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9399
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 12 Oct 2015 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 44 (822,973)
Citation 4

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mortality, infectious disease, pollution, 1918 influenza pandemic

Pollution, Infectious Disease, and Mortality: Evidence from the 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic

NBER Working Paper No. w21635
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 12 Oct 2015 Last Revised: 12 Feb 2023
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 43 (830,560)
Citation 1

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Does LEED Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Federal Buildings

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14211
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 30 Mar 2021
Karen Clay, Edson Severnini and Xiaochen Sun
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 59 (722,011)

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Does Leed Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Retrofitted Federal Buildings

NBER Working Paper No. w28612
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 30 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 06 Mar 2023
Karen Clay, Edson Severnini and Xiaochen Sun
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 26 (983,213)

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23.

Controlling Tuberculosis? Evidence from the Mother of All Community-Wide Health Experiments

Number of pages: 68 Posted: 21 Mar 2018
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Southern Denmark, University of CopenhagenUniversity of Copenhagen - Department of Economics and University of Southern Denmark - Department of Business and Economics
Downloads 67 (665,052)
Citation 4

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Public Health; Health Demonstration; Tuberculosis Mortality; Infant Mortality

Canary in a Coal Mine: Infant Mortality, Property Values, and Tradeoffs Associated with Mid-20th Century Air Pollution

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9884
Number of pages: 62 Posted: 25 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 02 Oct 2024
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 39 (862,420)
Citation 2

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infant mortality, coal-fired electricity generation, mid-20th century air pollution, housing values, tradeoffs

Canary in a Coal Mine: Infant Mortality, Property Values, and Tradeoffs Associated with Mid-20th Century Air Pollution

NBER Working Paper No. w22155
Number of pages: 76 Posted: 11 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 16 Jul 2023
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 26 (983,213)

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25.

Institutional Hysterisis: Courts and Politics in the American States (Chapters 5&6 of a Book Project)

CELS 2009 4th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies Paper
Number of pages: 93 Posted: 26 Jun 2009
Daniel Berkowitz and Karen Clay
University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 63 (685,654)

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legal origins, judicial retention, judicial independence, panel estimation

26.

Do Schooling Laws Matter? Evidence from the Introduction of Compulsory Attendance Laws in the United States

NBER Working Paper No. w18477
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 20 Oct 2012 Last Revised: 28 Jun 2023
Karen Clay, Jeff Lingwall and Melvin Stephens
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Truman State University and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Economics
Downloads 53 (742,281)

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The Historical Impact of Coal on Cities

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16229
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 15 Jun 2023
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 40 (853,766)

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coal availability, local development, air pollution, trade-offs of coal consumption

The Historical Impact of Coal on Cities

NBER Working Paper No. w31365
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 19 Jun 2023 Last Revised: 03 Jul 2023
Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 9 (1,185,447)
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28.

Lead and Mortality

NBER Working Paper No. w16480
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 25 Oct 2010 Last Revised: 14 Jul 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics and Colgate University - Economics Department
Downloads 49 (767,858)
Citation 16

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29.

Deprivation and Disease in Early Twentieth-Century America

NBER Working Paper No. w12111
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 15 May 2006 Last Revised: 06 Aug 2022
Karen Clay and Werner Troesken
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics
Downloads 49 (767,858)

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The Value of Health Insurance During a Crisis: Effects of Medicaid Implementation on Pandemic Influenza Mortality

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13200
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 04 May 2020 Last Revised: 18 Nov 2021
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 30 (943,614)
Citation 1

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medicaid, public health insurance, influenza pandemics

The Value of Health Insurance During a Crisis: Effects of Medicaid Implementation on Pandemic Influenza Mortality

NBER Working Paper No. w27120
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 12 May 2020 Last Revised: 06 Feb 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Montreal, Carnegie Mellon University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 17 (1,086,256)
Citation 2

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31.

The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Resources on Economic Outcomes: Evidence from the United States 1936-2015

NBER Working Paper No. w24695
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 13 Jun 2018 Last Revised: 24 Jun 2023
Karen Clay and Margarita Portnykh
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 41 (824,031)

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The Impact of Lead Exposure on Fertility, Infant Mortality, and Infant Birth Outcomes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16236
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 22 Jun 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Indiana University and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 26 (983,213)

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lead exposure, fertility, mortality, infant health

The Impact of Lead Exposure on Fertility, Infant Mortality, and Infant Birth Outcomes

NBER Working Paper No. w31379
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 26 Jun 2023 Last Revised: 10 Jul 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Ohio State University (OSU) and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 9 (1,185,447)
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33.

Did Frederick Brodie Discover the World's First Environmental Kuznets Curve? Coal Smoke and the Rise and Fall of the London Fog

NBER Working Paper No. w15669
Number of pages: 77 Posted: 25 Jan 2010 Last Revised: 26 Apr 2023
Karen Clay and Werner Troesken
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management and University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics
Downloads 33 (889,170)
Citation 5

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Impacts of the Clean Air Act on the Power Sector from 1938-1994: Anticipation and Adaptation

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14494
Number of pages: 96 Posted: 26 Jun 2021
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 17 (1,085,436)

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Impacts of the Clean Air Act on the Power Sector from 1938-1994: Anticipation and Adaptation

NBER Working Paper No. w28962
Number of pages: 100 Posted: 28 Jun 2021 Last Revised: 19 Feb 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Montreal and Carnegie Mellon University
Downloads 15 (1,110,617)
Citation 2

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35.

The Rise and Fall of Pellagra in the American South

NBER Working Paper No. w23730
Number of pages: 60 Posted: 28 Aug 2017 Last Revised: 28 Jun 2023
Karen Clay, Ethan Schmick and Werner Troesken
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Muhlenberg College and University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics
Downloads 32 (897,892)
Citation 3

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36.

Laws, Educational Outcomes, and Returns to Schooling: Evidence from the Full Count 1940 Census

NBER Working Paper No. w22855
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 28 Nov 2016 Last Revised: 14 Jun 2023
Karen Clay, Jeff Lingwall and Melvin Stephens
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Truman State University and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Economics
Downloads 31 (906,840)
Citation 1

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37.

Energy and the Environment in Economic History

NBER Working Paper No. w31408
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 03 Jul 2023 Last Revised: 17 Jul 2023
Karen Clay
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 13 (1,096,300)
Citation 1
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38.

Controlling Tuberculosis? Evidence from the First Community-Wide Health Experiment

NBER Working Paper No. w25884
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 28 May 2019 Last Revised: 24 Mar 2023
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, University of Southern Denmark, University of CopenhagenUniversity of Copenhagen - Department of Economics, University of Southern Denmark - Department of Business and Economics and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
Downloads 12 (1,108,153)

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39.

The Impact of an Environmental Shock on Black-White Inequality: Evidence from the Boll Weevil

NBER Working Paper No. w27101
Number of pages: 78 Posted: 05 May 2020 Last Revised: 22 Jul 2023
Karen Clay, Ethan Schmick and Werner Troesken
Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Muhlenberg College and University of Pittsburgh - Department of Economics
Downloads 11 (1,119,895)

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