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Sakai Ando

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

700 19th Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20431

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

15

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2,011

TOTAL CITATIONS
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Top 37,184

in Total Papers Citations

16

Scholarly Papers (15)

Watch What They Do, Not What They Say: Estimating Regulatory Costs from Revealed Preferences

Number of pages: 85 Posted: 24 Jan 2021 Last Revised: 25 Jan 2022
Adrien Alvero, Sakai Ando and Kairong Xiao
Columbia University, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Columbia University - Columbia Business School
Downloads 442 (161,462)

Abstract:

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bank regulation, regulatory costs, the Dodd-Frank Act, bunching

Watch What They Do, Not What They Say: Estimating Regulatory Costs from Revealed Preferences

IMF Working Paper No. 2022/041
Number of pages: 89 Posted: 31 Mar 2022
Adrien Alvero, Sakai Ando and Kairong Xiao
Columbia University, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Columbia University
Downloads 147 (506,124)
Citation 6

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Bank regulation, regulatory costs, the Dodd-Frank Act, bunching, regulatory cost, size distribution, bank data, costs from revealed preference, bank value, Bank regulation, Productivity, Shadow banking, Total factor productivity, Cost-benefit analysis, Global

2.
Downloads 294 (258,599)

How Large is the Sovereign Greenium?

Number of pages: 12 Posted: 24 Apr 2023
International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Independent and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 166 (453,548)

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Green bonds, sustainable finance, financial innovation, Sovereign debt, Greenium, Climate change

How Large is the Sovereign Greenium?

IMF Working Paper No. 2023/080
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 19 Apr 2023
International Monetary Fund (IMF), Independent, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 128 (566,977)

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Green Bonds, Sustainable Finance, Financial Innovation, Sovereign Debt, Greenium, Climate Change., bond database, green bond, Green bond data, green premium, Climate finance, Bonds, Sovereign bonds

3.

Sovereign Debt Restructuring and Reduction in Debt-to-GDP Ratio

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 16 Nov 2023 Last Revised: 25 Jun 2026
International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Monetary Fund (IMF) Strategy Policy and Review Department, Ashoka University - Department of Economics and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 193 (411,650)

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Sovereign Debt; Sovereign Debt Restructurings; Public Debt; Debt Reduction;

4.

Fiscal Consolidation and Public Debt

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 07 Mar 2024
Ashoka University - Department of Economics, International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 139 (527,599)

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Public debt, Fiscal consolidation, Structural VAR, Fiscal policy

5.

Demographics and Consumption in Asia Toward 2050

IMF Working Paper No. 2025/247
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 26 Nov 2025
Sakai Ando, Kaitoh Hidano and Jeongwon Son
International Monetary Fund (IMF), University of Strathclyde and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 127 (572,948)

Abstract:

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Demographics, Consumption, Aging

6.

Indexing Structural Distortion: Sectoral Productivity, Structural Change and Growth

IMF Working Paper No. 17/205
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 16 Oct 2017
Sakai Ando and Koffie Nassar
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) - African Department
Downloads 99 (704,534)

Abstract:

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Productivity, sectoral distortion, growth, index, structural change, Information and Product Quality, General, International, or Comparative

An Alternative Proof of Minimum Trace Reconciliation *

Number of pages: 8 Posted: 24 Aug 2022 Last Revised: 01 Jun 2024
Sakai Ando and Futoshi Narita
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 45 (1,157,169)

Abstract:

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Forecast Reconciliation, Minimum Trace Reconciliation, Hierarchical Time Series. JEL Classification: C53, E17

An Alternative Proof of Minimum Trace Reconciliation

IMF Working Paper No. 2022/136
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 27 Jul 2022
Sakai Ando and Futoshi Narita
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 32 (1,341,098)

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Forecast Reconciliation, Minimum Trace Reconciliation, Hierarchical Time Series, IMF working papers, trace reconciliation, covariance matrix, choice matrix p, GDP forecasting

8.

Revisiting the Case for Debt Mutualization in the Euro Area: A Quantitative Exploration

IMF Working Paper No. 2023/059
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 05 Apr 2023
International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Research Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF), University of Chicago - Booth School of Business, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 70 (875,328)

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Sovereign Debt, Debt Mutualization, Debt Assumption, Convenience Yield, Safe Assets., debt mutualization equivalent, mutualization proposal, EDMA debt, Debt reduction, Fiscal consolidation, Debt sustainability analysis, Fiscal stance, Europe

9.

International Financial Connection and Stock Return Comovement

IMF Working Paper No. 19/181
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 23 Sep 2019
Sakai Ando
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 70 (875,328)

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Financial statistics, Economic integration, Investment analysis, Balance of payments, Business cycles, stock return comovement, international investment position, risk-on, risk-off, WP, empirical result, portfolio investment, investment position, empirical find, portfolio

10.

High-Dimensional Covariance Matrix Estimation: Shrinkage Toward a Diagonal Target

IMF Working Paper No. 2023/257
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 13 Dec 2023
Sakai Ando and Mingmei Xiao
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and University of Cambridge
Downloads 69 (899,324)

Abstract:

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High-Dimension, Covariance Matrix, Shrinkage, Diagonal Target

11.

Size-Dependent Policies and Efficient Firm Creation

ISER DP No. 1033
Number of pages: 67 Posted: 24 Jul 2018
Sakai Ando
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 68 (891,180)
Citation 9

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misallocation, firm creation, size-dependent policy, financial development, incomplete markets

12.

Smooth Forecast Reconciliation

IMF Working Paper No. 2024/066
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 27 Mar 2024
Sakai Ando
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 57 (989,921)

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Smoothness, Forecast Reconciliation, Minimum Trace Reconciliation, Hodrick-Prescott filter, Cross-sectional, Temporal

13.

Do FDI Firms Employ More Workers than Domestic Firms for Each Dollar of Assets?

IMF Working Paper No. 20/56
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2020
Sakai Ando and Mengxue Wang
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Columbia University
Downloads 57 (989,921)

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Foreign investment, International investment position, Balance of payments, Labor productivity, Job creation, FDI, Orbis, Ownership, WP, domestic firm, SPEs, total percentage, investment enterprise

14.

Systematizing Macroframework Forecasting: High-Dimensional Conditional Forecasting with Accounting Identities

IMF Working Paper No. 2022/110
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 15 Jun 2022
Sakai Ando and Taehoon Kim
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 52 (1,052,702)
Citation 1

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Macroframework, Conditional Forecasting, Reconciliation, Accounting Identities, Hierarchical Time Series

15.

A Python Package to Assist Macroframework Forecasting

IMF Working Paper No. 2025/172
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 12 Sep 2025
Sakai Ando, Shuvam Das and Sultan Orazbayev
International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 50 (1,074,648)

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Forecast Reconciliation, Python Package, Macroframework