Wuhan Respiratory Hospital - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ward 1, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ward 1, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ward 1, Capital Medical University - Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ward 1, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ward 1, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Tuberculosis Ward 4, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Tuberculosis Ward 4, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Outpatient Office, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital - Department of Critical Medicine, Capital Medical University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Capital Medical University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ward 1

Capital Medical University - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, King’s College London - MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London - MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Huayun Sounding (Beijing) Meteorological Technology Co. Ltd, King’s College London - MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leicester, Imperial College London - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Capital Medical University, King’s College London - MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health and Capital Medical University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Capital Medical University - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Peking University - School of Economics, Peking University - Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University - School of Economics and Capital Medical University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine