Justin Hughes

Loyola Law School Los Angeles

Professor

919 Albany Street

Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211

United States

http://www.justinhughes.net

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

45

DOWNLOADS
Rank 3,471

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 3,471

in Total Papers Downloads

21,388

TOTAL CITATIONS

78

Scholarly Papers (45)

1.

A Short History of Intellectual Property' in Relation to Copyright

33 Cardozo Law Review 1293 (2012), Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 265
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 12 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 13 Jan 2021
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 2,729 (10,491)
Citation 7

Abstract:

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intellectual property, BIRPI, Berne Convention, Paris Convention, WIPO, Pouillet, copyright, trademark, patent, legal history

2.

Champagne, Feta, and Bourbon - the Spirited Debate About Geographical Indications

Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 58, p. 299, 2006, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 168
Number of pages: 88 Posted: 11 Oct 2006 Last Revised: 11 Nov 2007
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 2,521 (11,882)
Citation 1

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trademark, geographical indications, intellectual property

3.

Copyright and Incomplete Historiographies: Of Piracy, Propertization, and Thomas Jefferson

Southern California Law Review, Vol. 79, p. 993, 2006, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 166
Number of pages: 92 Posted: 09 Oct 2006 Last Revised: 11 Nov 2007
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 1,235 (35,723)

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copyright, piracy, propertization

4.

The Photographer’s Copyright – Photograph as Art, Photograph as Database

Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, Vol. 25, 2012, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 347
Number of pages: 90 Posted: 08 Feb 2020 Last Revised: 19 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 1,021 (47,038)
Citation 1

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copyright, photography, originality, technology, intellectual property

5.

Coffee and Chocolate – Can We Help Developing Country Farmers Through Geographical Indications?

Number of pages: 136 Posted: 29 Sep 2010
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 1,017 (47,297)
Citation 25

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geographical indications, GI, terroir, TRIPS, traditional knowledge, Article 23, mislabeling, development

6.

Locke's 1694 Memorandum (and More Incomplete Copyright Historiographies)

27 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L. J. 555 (2010), Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 167
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 11 Oct 2006 Last Revised: 20 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 847 (60,856)
Citation 3

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John Locke, copyright, intellectual property

7.

Size Matters (or Should) in Copyright Law

Fordham Law Review, Vol. 74, p. 575, 2005, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 140
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 15 Dec 2005 Last Revised: 10 Nov 2007
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 645 (86,805)

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copyright, intellectual property

8.

The Internet and the Persistence of Law

Boston College Law Review, Vol. 43, p. 359, 2003 , Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 61
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 16 Jan 2003 Last Revised: 21 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 639 (87,886)
Citation 3

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9.

American Moral Rights and Fixing the 'Dastar Gap'

2007 Utah L. Rev. 659 (December 2007) , Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 96
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 12 Nov 2004 Last Revised: 18 Feb 2015
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 636 (88,438)
Citation 3

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moral rights, Lanham Act, Dastar

10.

Fair Use Across Time

Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 51, UCLA Law Review, Vol. 50, p. 775, 2003
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 01 Oct 2002 Last Revised: 21 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 631 (89,327)
Citation 3

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Copyright, Fair Use, Intellectual Property, Film, Music, Entertainment Law, Authorship

11.

Translation Series: Sabam v. S.A. Tiscali (Scarlet), District Court of Brussels, 29 June 2007

25 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L. J. 1279 (2008)
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 17 Jul 2008 Last Revised: 18 Feb 2015
Fran Mady, Julien Bourrouilhou and Justin Hughes
Independent, Independent and Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 612 (92,871)
Citation 4

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12.

Copyright and Distributive Justice

Notre Dame Law Review, Vol. 92, 2016, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2016-11, UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 2758845
Number of pages: 67 Posted: 07 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 16 May 2024
Justin Hughes and Robert P. Merges
Loyola Law School Los Angeles and University of California, Berkeley - School of Law
Downloads 605 (94,650)
Citation 1

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copyright, Rawls, distributive justice, music, African-Americans, wealth, income, creators

13.

Non-Traditional Trademarks and the Dilemma of Aesthetic Functionality

in THE PROTECTION OF NON-TRADITIONAL MARKS: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES (Calboli and Senftleben, eds. 2018), Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2017-15
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 10 Apr 2017
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 599 (95,454)

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trademarks; intellectual property; functionality; aesthetic functionality; cognition; psychology; marketing

14.

Political Economies of Harmonization: Database Protection and Information Patents

Number of pages: 104 Posted: 30 Aug 2002
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 565 (102,785)
Citation 1

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Intellectual Property, Data Bases, Patents, Software, Business Methods, Political Economy, Harmonization, Comparative Law

15.

Fair Use and Its Politics - At Home and Abroad

Copyright Law in the Age of Exceptions and Limitations (Ruth Okediji, ed, 2017) at 236, Loyola-LA Legal Studies Paper No. 2015-18
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 19 Apr 2015
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 551 (106,018)

Abstract:

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16.

Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, and the Siren's Call of Property

49 San Diego Law Review 1215 (2013), Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 381
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 13 Feb 2013 Last Revised: 23 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 490 (122,367)
Citation 1

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folklore, traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expression, copyright, intellectual property, Rawls, Locke, Sen

17.

The Limited Promise of Geographical Indications for Developing Country Farmers

Geographical Indications at the Crossroads of Trade, Development, and Culture in the Asia-Pacific (Irene Calboli and Wee Loon Ng-Loy, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 2016), Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2016-24
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 03 Oct 2016
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 405 (153,290)

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Geographical Indications, Rural Development, Intellectual Property, Coffee, Trademarks

18.

Cognitive and Aesthetic Functionality in Trademark Law

36 Cardozo Law Review 1227 (2015), Loyola-LA Legal Studies Paper No. 2015-07
Number of pages: 60 Posted: 22 Feb 2015 Last Revised: 21 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 401 (154,973)

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trademark, functionality, trade dress, aesthetics, aesthetic functionality, psychology

19.

Created Facts and the Flawed Ontology of Copyright Law

83 Notre Dame Law Review 43 (2007) , Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 201
Number of pages: 67 Posted: 11 Sep 2007 Last Revised: 23 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 400 (155,459)

Abstract:

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copyright

20.

Actors as Authors in American Copyright Law

Connecticut Law Review, Vol. 51, 2018, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2018-10
Number of pages: 69 Posted: 04 May 2018 Last Revised: 18 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 390 (159,884)

Abstract:

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actors, copyright, authorship, film, performers

21.

On the Logic of Suing One's Customers and the Dilemma of Infringement-Based Business Models

Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 101, 23 CARDOZO ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT LAW JOURNAL 725 (2005)
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 08 Mar 2005 Last Revised: 31 Aug 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 383 (163,241)

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Internet, Intellectual Property, Copyright

22.

The Charming Betsy Canon, American Legal Doctrine, and Global Rule of Law

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2017-16, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 2020
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 10 Apr 2017 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2021
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 361 (174,243)
Citation 4

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international law; treaties; customary international law; Charming Betsy; WTO; GATT; trade law; Chevron; rule of law

23.

Restating Copyright Law's Originality Requirement

44 Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts 383 (2021), Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2021-02
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 26 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 25 Aug 2022
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 257 (249,294)

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copyright; originality; Restatement of Law; American Law Institute; Feist; Bleistein

24.

Gorgeous Photograph, Limited Copyright

in ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVITY IN THE 21st CENTURY (Bogre and Wolff, eds. 2020), Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-30
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 31 Oct 2019
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 237 (271,187)

Abstract:

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copyright; photography; originality; creativity; selfies; deep fakes; fair use; transformative use

25.

SYMPOSIUM: The California Consumer Privacy Act

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, Vol. 54, 2021, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2021-01, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 627, U of Colorado Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 21-7
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 22 Jan 2021 Last Revised: 11 Jul 2023
Loyola Law School Los Angeles, University of Colorado Law SchoolYale University - Yale Information Society Project, ACLU of Northern California and Yeshiva University - Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Downloads 236 (271,187)

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privacy law; California; Facebook; data; First Amendment

26.

Understanding (and Fixing) the Right of Fixation in Copyright Law

62 J. Copyright Soc'y USA 385 (2015), Loyola-LA Legal Studies Paper No. 2014-10
Number of pages: 59 Posted: 31 Mar 2014 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2016
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 226 (282,809)

Abstract:

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27.

How Extra-Copyright Protection of Databases Can Be Constitutional

University of Dayton Law Review, Vol. 28, p. 159, 2003, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 81
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 13 Nov 2003 Last Revised: 05 Jul 2016
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 215 (296,553)
Citation 3

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28.

The Sub Rosa Rules of Copyright Fair Use

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2020-08, 64 Arizona Law Review 1 (2022)
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 08 May 2020 Last Revised: 30 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 211 (301,881)

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copyright, fair use, rules v standards, rules, standards, Llewelyn, algorithms, transformative use

29.

Fitting China-US Trade Into WTO Trade Law - National Security and Non-Violation Mechanisms

Michigan State Law Review, Vol. 2022, No. 3, 2022, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2021-25
Number of pages: 69 Posted: 18 Oct 2021 Last Revised: 10 Jan 2023
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 199 (318,970)
Citation 2

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international trade; GATT; WTO; national security; China; supply chains; tariffs

30.
Downloads 198 (320,471)
Citation 13

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copyright, authorship, performance, license, fraud

31.

The ALI Copyright Restatement Project: A Horse of a Different Color?

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference International Intellectual Property Law & Policy, Fordham University School of Law Skadden Conference Center, New York, New York, April 6, 2018, Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 18-17, UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper, Columbia Public Law Research Paper No. 14-602, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2018-35
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 22 Jun 2018 Last Revised: 03 Oct 2018
Columbia Law School, UC Berkeley School of Law, Texas A&M University School of Law, George Mason University, Loyola Law School Los Angeles, Government of the United States of America - U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and Google Inc.
Downloads 189 (334,508)

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32.

The Respective Roles of Judges and Juries in Copyright Fair Use

Houston Law Review, Vol. 58, No. 2, 2020, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2020-09
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 08 May 2020 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2021
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 187 (337,710)

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copyright, juries, fair use, mixed question, Seventh Amendment,

33.

Do Copyright Professors Pay Attention to Economists? How Empirical Evidence on Copyright Piracy Appears (or Not) in Law Literature

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2023-04, Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 47, No. 165, 2024
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 06 Sep 2023 Last Revised: 02 May 2024
Justin Hughes and Michael D. Smith
Loyola Law School Los Angeles and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
Downloads 178 (353,150)

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copyright, economists, online infringement, peer review, piracy, balanced reporting

34.

Motion Pictures, Markets, and Copylocks

George Mason Law Review, Vol. 23, 2016, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2016-10
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 07 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 07 Jul 2016
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 177 (354,873)

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Copyright, Film, Africa, Nollywood, Culture, Streaming, Internet, 1201

35.

A Scholars' Look at International IP -- Idealistic and Pragmatic

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2023-03
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 24 Mar 2023
Justin Hughes and Ruth Okediji
Loyola Law School Los Angeles and Harvard Law School
Downloads 174 (360,207)

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international intellectual property; IP; Geneva; WTO; WIPO; treaties

36.

Landmark Trademarks

Wake Forest Law Review, Vol. 52, 2017, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2017-10
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 10 Apr 2017 Last Revised: 22 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 156 (395,846)

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trademarks; intellectual property; landmarks; historic buildings

37.

That's a Fine Chablis You're Not Drinking: The Proper Place for Geographical Indications in Trademark Law

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 17, No. 933, Fordham Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2851531
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 13 Oct 2016
Loyola Law School Los Angeles, Independent, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom and Fordham Law School
Downloads 141 (429,683)

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trademark, intellectual property, geographical indications, international law

38.

Introduction to Joined Cases Peterson v. Google and Elsevier v. Cyando (CJEU, 2021) for International Legal Materials (ILM)

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2021-35, 61 International Legal Materials (ILM) 453 (2022)
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 15 Dec 2021 Last Revised: 19 Aug 2022
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 120 (487,835)
Citation 1

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copyright; communication to the public; internet platforms; safe harbors

39.

Translation Series: The Tea Board v. Mr. Jean-Luc Dusong

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 28, p. 431, 2010, Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 352
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 20 Sep 2011 Last Revised: 05 Jul 2016
Justin Hughes and Diane Artal
Loyola Law School Los Angeles and Yeshiva University
Downloads 119 (490,902)

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Trademark, Geographical Indications, GI, TRIPS, Parasitic Competition

40.

New York Right of Publicity: Reimagining Privacy and the First Amendment in the Digital Age - AELJ Spring Symposium 2

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 36, 2018
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 08 Aug 2018
Mintz & Gold LLP, Loyola Law School Los Angeles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School, Davis Wright Tremaine, Cowan DeBaets Abrahams and Sheppard LLP and St. John's University School of Law
Downloads 116 (500,516)

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right of publicity; digital avatars; photography; first amendment; post-mortem rights

41.

Globalization, Revising the Terms of Trade, and the Return of 'History'

14 Ohio State Business Law Journal 15 (2019), Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-29
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 06 Sep 2019 Last Revised: 30 May 2024
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 106 (535,022)

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international trade; Trump; news organizations; media; China; geopolitics

42.

MGM v. Grokster – Amicus Brief of Professors Peter S. Menell, David Nimmer, Robert P. Merges, and Justin Hughes

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 30 Aug 2019
UC Berkeley School of Law, Irell & Manella LLP, University of California, Berkeley - School of Law and Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 82 (630,788)
Citation 1

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copyright, indirect liability, Sony, Grokster, statutory interpretation, file-sharing

43.

Pret-a-copy or Pret-a-protect? Fashion Copyright in the United States

The Oxford Handbook of Fashion Law (Calboli and Rosati, eds, 2025), Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2013-16
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 06 Sep 2023
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 77 (653,577)

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fashion, copyright, intellectual property, costumes

44.

Acknowledging the Public Role in Private Drug Development: Lessons from Remdesivir

STAT, First Opinion, 8 May 2020
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 21 Sep 2021
Justin Hughes and Arti K. Rai
Loyola Law School Los Angeles and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 54 (782,636)
Citation 1

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patents; COVID; coronavirus; remdesivir; Gilead

45.

Comparative Online Bad Guys

Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2024-17, 38 Harvard Journal of Law and Technology (forthcoming, 2025)
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 06 Sep 2024 Last Revised: 25 Feb 2025
Justin Hughes
Loyola Law School Los Angeles
Downloads 50 (810,689)

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copyright, internet, site-blocking