Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Hertie School of Governance, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Michigan Law School, University of Bucharest, University of Salzburg, University of Barcelona, European Court of Human Rights, Yale Law School, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL) - Institute for European Law, Washington and Lee University - School of Law, Bocconi University - Department of Law, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), University of Wroclaw, Department of International Law and European Public Law, Independent, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, affiliation not provided to SSRN and affiliation not provided to SSRN