Todd Zenger

University of Utah

N. Eldon Tanner Professor of Strategy and Strategic Leadership

David Eccles School of Business

1655 East Campus Center Drive

Salt Lake City, UT 84112

United States

  • University of Utah

    • Email
    • Tel: 801 585-3981
    • Fax: 801 581-7939
SCHOLARLY PAPERS

52

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TOTAL CITATIONS
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521

Scholarly Papers (52)

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1.

Lean Startup and the Business Model: Experimentation Revisited

Long Range Planning (Open Access)
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 30 Jul 2019 Last Revised: 04 Oct 2023
Teppo Felin, Alfonso Gambardella, Scott Stern and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School, Bocconi University - Department of Management and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management and University of Utah
Downloads 6,409 (2,597)
Citation 4

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entrepreneurship, lean startup, business model, strategy, organizational economics, innovation, technology

2.

Value Lab: A Tool for Entrepreneurial Strategy

Downloads 3,610 ( 6,903)
Citation 7

Value Lab: A Tool for Entrepreneurial Strategy

Management & Business Review, 1(2), 68-77.
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 29 Oct 2020 Last Revised: 23 Mar 2023
Teppo Felin, Alfonso Gambardella and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School, Bocconi University - Department of Management and Technology and University of Utah
Downloads 3,386 (7,524)
Citation 2

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entrepreneurship, strategy, innovation, organizational economics, lean startup, business model, technology

Value Lab: A Tool for Entrepreneurial Strategy

Management and Business Review, Vol. 1, No. 2, Spring 2021
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 04 Nov 2021
Teppo Felin, Alfonso Gambardella and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School, Bocconi University - Department of Management and Technology and University of Utah
Downloads 224 (293,032)
Citation 5

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3.

The influence of pay transparency on (gender) inequity, inequality, and the performance-basis of pay

HEC Paris Research Paper No. SPE-2020-1359
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 24 Jan 2020 Last Revised: 10 Jan 2022
Tomasz Obloj and Todd Zenger
Indiana University - Kelley School of Business - Management & Entrepreneurship and University of Utah
Downloads 2,044 (17,110)
Citation 4

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Transparency, Gender Pay Gap, Incentives

4.

Corporate Strategy, Analyst Coverage, and the Uniqueness Paradox

Downloads 1,552 (26,242)
Citation 21

Corporate Strategy, Analyst Coverage, and the Uniqueness Paradox

Number of pages: 45 Posted: 20 Mar 2009 Last Revised: 29 May 2013
Lubomir P. Litov, Patrick S. Moreton and Todd Zenger
University of Oklahoma - Michael F. Price College of Business, Duke University - Fuqua School of Business and University of Utah
Downloads 588 (99,309)
Citation 1

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analyst coverage, corporate strategy, asymmetric information, investment policy

Corporate Strategy, Analyst Coverage, and the Uniqueness Paradox

Management Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 15 Feb 2012
Lubomir P. Litov, Patrick S. Moreton and Todd Zenger
University of Oklahoma - Michael F. Price College of Business, Duke University - Fuqua School of Business and University of Utah
Downloads 523 (115,114)
Citation 3

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Corporate Strategy, Analyst Coverage, and the Uniqueness Paradox

Number of pages: 34 Posted: 16 Mar 2011 Last Revised: 14 Jan 2012
Lubomir P. Litov, Todd Zenger and Patrick S. Moreton
University of Oklahoma - Michael F. Price College of Business, University of Utah and Duke University - Fuqua School of Business
Downloads 441 (141,484)
Citation 17

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corporate strategy, analyst coverage, diversification, internal capital markets

5.

Informal and Formal Organization in New Institutional Economics

Downloads 1,388 (30,974)
Citation 7

Informal and Formal Organization in New Institutional Economics

Number of pages: 45 Posted: 27 Sep 2002
Todd Zenger, Sergio G. Lazzarini and Laura Poppo
University of Utah, Insper Institute of Education and Research and University of Kansas - School of Business
Downloads 1,388 (30,433)
Citation 7

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organizational economics, formal and informal institutions, theory of the firm

Informal and Formal Organization in New Institutional Economics

Posted: 27 Sep 2002
Todd Zenger, Sergio G. Lazzarini and Laura Poppo
University of Utah, Insper Institute of Education and Research and University of Kansas - School of Business

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organizational economics, formal and informal institutions, theory of the firm

6.

A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm - a Problem-Solving Perspective

Downloads 1,143 (41,233)
Citation 100

A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm - a Problem-Solving Perspective

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 07 Mar 2004
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 719 (76,661)
Citation 4

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theory of the firm, knowledge management, organizational economics, innovation, organization theory

A Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm - A Problem-solving Perspective

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 04 Feb 2005
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 424 (148,173)
Citation 96

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theory of the firm, knowledge management, organizational economics, innovation, organization theory

7.

Substitutes or Complements? Exploring the Relationship between Formal Contracts and Relational Governance

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 28 Apr 2000
Laura Poppo and Todd Zenger
University of Kansas - School of Business and University of Utah
Downloads 916 (56,278)
Citation 8

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8.

The Determinants of Incentive Intensity in Group-Based Rewards

Downloads 887 (58,770)
Citation 3

The Determinants of Incentive Intensity in Group-Based Rewards

Number of pages: 38 Posted: 02 Feb 2000
Todd Zenger and C.R. Marshall
University of Utah and Upper Iowa University
Downloads 887 (57,861)
Citation 3

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The Determinants of Incentive Intensity in Group-Based Rewards

Posted: 14 Sep 2000
Todd Zenger and C.R. Marshall
University of Utah and Upper Iowa University

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9.

Capabilities, Transaction Costs, and Firm Boundaries: A Dynamic Perspective and Integration

Number of pages: 38 Posted: 09 Jan 2008 Last Revised: 05 Nov 2010
Todd Zenger and Nicholas S. Argyres
University of Utah and Boston University - School of Management
Downloads 815 (66,007)
Citation 3

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transaction costs, firm boundaries, capabilities

10.

Theories of the Firm-Market Boundary

Academy of Management Annals, 2011
Number of pages: 64 Posted: 17 May 2011 Last Revised: 31 May 2011
Todd Zenger, Teppo Felin and Lyda S. Bigelow
University of Utah, University of Oxford - Said Business School and University of Utah - David Eccles School of Business
Downloads 810 (66,534)
Citation 12

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theory of the firm, firm boundaries, market failure, organization failure

11.

Open or Closed Innovation? Problem Solving and Governance Choice

Research Policy, 2014
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 27 Oct 2012 Last Revised: 15 Oct 2017
Teppo Felin and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 777 (70,275)
Citation 41

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open innovation, governance choice, theory of the firm, strategy, organizational boundaries, problem solving

12.

The Theory-Based View: Entrepreneurial Microfoundations, Resources, and Choices

Number of pages: 40 Posted: 06 Oct 2021 Last Revised: 08 May 2023
Robert Wuebker, Todd Zenger and Teppo Felin
University of Utah - Department of Management, University of Utah and University of Oxford - Said Business School
Downloads 651 (88,339)
Citation 17

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Entrepreneurship, theory-based view, entrepreneur as scientist, theory of the firm, resource origins, experiments, new venture teams, entrepreneurial finance

13.

Capabilities, Transaction Costs, and Firm Boundaries: An Integrative Theory

Organization Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 19 Nov 2011
Nicholas Argyres and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis and University of Utah
Downloads 616 (94,794)
Citation 20

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capabilities, transaction costs, resource-based view, firm boundaries

14.

A Scientific Method for Startups

Journal of Management, Forthcoming, Bocconi University Management Research Paper
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 20 Dec 2023 Last Revised: 19 Apr 2024
Teppo Felin, Alfonso Gambardella, Elena Novelli and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School, Bocconi University - Department of Management and Technology, Bayes Business School (formerly Cass), City, University of London and University of Utah
Downloads 588 (100,650)
Citation 11

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entrepreneurship, value creation, lean startup, theory-based view, scientific method, discriminating alignment, strategy

15.

Do Investors Value Uniqueness in Corporate Strategy? Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 16 Mar 2011
Lubomir P. Litov and Todd Zenger
University of Oklahoma - Michael F. Price College of Business and University of Utah
Downloads 512 (119,672)
Citation 3

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mergers and acquisitions, corporate strategy, analyst coverage

16.

The Small Firm Effect and the Entrepreneurial Spawning of Scientists and Engineers

Number of pages: 50 Posted: 28 Feb 2008 Last Revised: 25 Oct 2009
Daniel W. Elfenbein, Barton H. Hamilton and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School, Washington University, Saint Louis - John M. Olin School of Business and University of Utah
Downloads 508 (120,767)
Citation 70

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entrepreneurship, small firms, high-ability workers, science and engineering labor force

17.

Envy, Comparison Costs, and the Economic Theory of the Firm

Number of pages: 45 Posted: 01 May 2006
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 493 (125,214)
Citation 40

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theory of the firm, envy, social comparison, compensation, vertical integration

18.

Ownership Competence

Strategic Management Journal, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 18 Aug 2020
Nicolai J. Foss, Peter G. Klein, Lasse B. Lien, Thomas Zellweger and Todd Zenger
Copenhagen Business School - Department of Strategy and Innovation, Baylor University - Hankamer School of Business, NHH Norwegian School of Economics, University of St. Gallen - Center for Family Business and University of Utah
Downloads 434 (145,740)
Citation 1

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ownership, assets, theory of the firm, economic value creation

19.

Capabilities, Transaction Costs and Firm Boundaries: A Dynamic Perspective and Integration

Atlanta Competitive Advantage Conference 2010 Paper
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 17 Feb 2010
Nicholas Argyres and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis and University of Utah
Downloads 426 (148,927)
Citation 10

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capabilities, transaction costs, vertical integration

20.

Resource Origins and Search

Strategic Management Journal
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 02 Apr 2020 Last Revised: 20 Dec 2021
Teppo Felin, Stuart Kauffman and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School, BiosGroup and University of Utah
Downloads 414 (153,971)
Citation 11

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resource-based view, factor markets, entrepreneurship, beliefs, adjacent possible, strategy

21.

Opportunity Discovery, Problem Solving and the Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 23 Apr 2007
Chihmao Hsieh, Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
SUNY Korea, Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 407 (156,975)
Citation 12

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Entrepreneurship, opportunity discovery, problem solving perspective, solution, complexity, governance, hierarchy, search, recognition

22.

The Economics of Relational (Social) Capital: Exploring the Value of Exchange Relationships in Industrial Procurement

Number of pages: 49 Posted: 03 Mar 2009 Last Revised: 10 May 2010
Daniel W. Elfenbein and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 370 (174,716)
Citation 3

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relational capital, procurement, buyer-supplier relationships, social capital, relational governance

23.

Order with Some Law: Complementarity vs. Substitution of Formal and Informal Arrangements

John M. Olin School of Business Working Paper
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 16 Dec 2001
Sergio G. Lazzarini, Gary J. Miller and Todd Zenger
Insper Institute of Education and Research, Washington University in St. Louis - Department of Political Science and University of Utah
Downloads 337 (193,473)
Citation 5

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Incomplete contracts, self-enforcement, reciprocity, crowding out, trust

24.

Incentives, Social Comparison Costs, and the Proximity of Envy's Object

HEC Paris Research Paper No. SPE-2015-1085
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 07 Mar 2015 Last Revised: 04 Dec 2020
Tomasz Obloj and Todd Zenger
Indiana University - Kelley School of Business - Management & Entrepreneurship and University of Utah
Downloads 333 (196,018)
Citation 2

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Incentives, Social Comparison Costs, Envy, Organization Design

25.

Network Prominence, Bargaining Power, and the Allocation of Value Capture Rights in Alliance Contracts

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 27 Aug 2013 Last Revised: 10 Sep 2016
Umit Ozmel, M. Deniz Yavuz, Jeffrey J. Reuer and Todd Zenger
Purdue University - Krannert School of Management, Purdue University - Krannert School of Management, Purdue University - Krannert School of Management and University of Utah
Downloads 329 (198,582)
Citation 2

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network prominence, bargaining power, entrepreneurial firms, alliance contracts, contract complexity, value capturing rights, incomplete contracts

26.

Dealing with the Paradox of Embeddedness: The Role of Contracts and Trust in Facilitating Movement Out of Committed Relationships

Number of pages: 56 Posted: 05 Dec 2002
Sergio G. Lazzarini, Gary J. Miller and Todd Zenger
Insper Institute of Education and Research, Washington University in St. Louis - Department of Political Science and University of Utah
Downloads 314 (208,831)
Citation 8

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Commitment, cooperation, social exchange, contracts, trust, embeddedness

27.

Being Efficiently Fickle: A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Choice

Downloads 308 (213,283)
Citation 22

Being Efficiently Fickle: A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Choice

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 23 Aug 2002
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 308 (211,571)
Citation 22

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organizational economics, organizational design, dynamics, organizational change, theory of the firm

Being Efficiently Fickle: A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Choice

Posted: 04 Dec 2002
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah

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organizational economics, organizational design, dynamics, organizational change, theory of the firm

28.

The Organizational Economics of Organizational Capability and Heterogeneity: A Research Agenda

Number of pages: 37 Posted: 18 Mar 2012
Nicholas Argyres, Teppo Felin, Nicolai J. Foss and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis, University of Oxford - Said Business School, Copenhagen Business School - Department of Strategy and Innovation and University of Utah
Downloads 288 (229,023)
Citation 4

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Organizational economics, theory of the firm, heterogeneity, capabilities

29.

The Firm as a Subsociety

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 18 Feb 2021 Last Revised: 31 Jan 2022
Claudine Madras Gartenberg and Todd Zenger
Wharton School, University of Penn and University of Utah
Downloads 245 (269,970)
Citation 3

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Theory of the Firm, Firm Boundaries, Corporate Purpose, Justice

30.

Strategy, Problems and a Theory for the Firm

Organization Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 08 Oct 2015
Teppo Felin and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 235 (281,156)
Citation 4

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strategy, innovation, problem solving, governance

31.

Creating and Capturing Value in Repeated Exchange Relationships: Managing a Second Paradox of Embeddedness

Organization Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 28 Jul 2010 Last Revised: 25 Apr 2017
Daniel W. Elfenbein and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 227 (290,819)
Citation 6

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relational capital, buyer-supplier relationships, value appropriation, procurement, portfolio of relationships

32.

The Theory-Based View: Economic Actors as Theorists

Strategy Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 13 Nov 2017 Last Revised: 12 Dec 2017
Teppo Felin and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 215 (306,473)
Citation 11

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Strategy, Cognition, Perception, Theory for the Firm, Governance

33.

The Lemons Problem in Markets for Strategy

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 20 Aug 2015
Mary J. Benner and Todd Zenger
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities - Carlson School of Management and University of Utah
Downloads 215 (306,473)
Citation 8

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Adverse selection, capital markets, corporate governance, intermediaries, moral hazard

34.

What is a Relationship Worth? Repeated Exchange and the Development and Deployment of Relational Capital

Organization Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 25 Mar 2013 Last Revised: 11 Apr 2013
Daniel W. Elfenbein and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 197 (332,615)
Citation 12

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relational capital, procurement, buyer-supplier relationships, social capital, relational governance

35.

Valve Corporation: Composing Internal Markets

Journal of Organization Design, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2015), p. 20-21
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 18 Jul 2019
Todd Zenger
University of Utah
Downloads 190 (343,955)
Citation 2

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new forms of organizing, organizational forms, non-hierarchical organizations, self-organizing teams, boss-less organizations

36.

Causal Reasoning and the Scientific Entrepreneur: Beyond Bayes

Number of pages: 17 Posted: 19 Sep 2024
Timo Ehrig, Teppo Felin and Todd Zenger
Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (MPI-MIS), University of Oxford - Said Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 141 (444,565)

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causal reasoning, bayesian methods, uncertainty, entrepreneurship, strategy, priors

37.

The Technological Uniqueness Paradox

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 11 Dec 2022 Last Revised: 30 Oct 2024
Yang Fan, Lubomir P. Litov, Mu-Jeung Yang and Todd Zenger
Colby College - Department of Economics, University of Oklahoma - Michael F. Price College of Business, University of Oklahoma and University of Utah
Downloads 132 (468,908)
Citation 1

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Technological Uniqueness, Patents, Resource Based View, Absorptive Capacity

38.

Information Aggregation, Matching and Radical Market-Hierarchy Hybrids: Implications for the Theory of the Firm

Strategic Organization, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 04 Aug 2011
Teppo Felin and Todd Zenger
University of Oxford - Said Business School and University of Utah
Downloads 131 (471,790)
Citation 2

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theory of the firm, market-hierarchy hybrids, crowdsourcing, prediction markets

39.

Organization Design, Proximity, and Productivity Responses to Upward Social Comparison

Organization Science, Forthcoming, HEC Paris Research Paper No. SPE-2016-1178
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 23 Nov 2016
Tomasz Obloj and Todd Zenger
Indiana University - Kelley School of Business - Management & Entrepreneurship and University of Utah
Downloads 112 (532,317)
Citation 18

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Incentives, Social Comparison, Envy, Productivity, Organization Design

40.

Problems, Theories, and Governing the Crowd

Number of pages: 14 Posted: 21 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 10 Jun 2016
Jackson A. Nickerson, Robert Wuebker and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School, University of Utah - Department of Management and University of Utah
Downloads 103 (566,444)
Citation 3

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Crowdsourcing, Open Innovation, Problem Finding/Problem Solving

41.

Online Appendix for 'The Technological Uniqueness Paradox'

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 19 Dec 2022 Last Revised: 30 Oct 2024
Yang Fan, Lubomir P. Litov, Mu-Jeung Yang and Todd Zenger
Colby College - Department of Economics, University of Oklahoma - Michael F. Price College of Business, University of Oklahoma and University of Utah
Downloads 52 (833,387)

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technology, resources, spillovers, patents

42.

Average Treatment Effects And Unique Strategies

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 29 Jan 2025
Jason Snyder, Robert Wuebker and Todd Zenger
Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship and Strategy, University of Utah - Department of Management and University of Utah
Downloads 36 (975,520)

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43.

Doing Well by Doing Good, Uniquely: Materiality and the Market Value of Unique CSR Strategies

Leandro Nardi, Todd Zenger, Sérgio Giovanetti Lazzarini, Sandro Cabral (2021) Doing Well by Doing Good, Uniquely: Materiality and the Market Value of Unique CSR Strategies. Strategy Science https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2021.0145
Posted: 19 Aug 2020 Last Revised: 07 Oct 2021
Leandro Nardi, Todd Zenger, Sergio G. Lazzarini and Sandro Cabral
HEC Paris, University of Utah, Insper Institute of Education and Research and Insper Institute of Education and Research

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corporate social responsibility, uniqueness, materiality, stakeholder management

44.

A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm - the Problem-Solving Perspective

Organization Science, Vol. 15, pp. 617-632, November-December 2004
Posted: 27 Jun 2005
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah

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Theory of the firm, knowledge-based view, firm boundaries, problem solving

45.

Order with Some Law: Complementarity Versus Substitution of Formal and Informal Arrangements

The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 261-298, 2004
Posted: 24 Jun 2004
Sergio G. Lazzarini, Gary J. Miller and Todd Zenger
Insper Institute of Education and Research, Washington University in St. Louis - Department of Political Science and University of Utah

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46.

Do Formal Contracts and Relational Governance Function as Substitutes or Complements?

Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 8
Posted: 10 Apr 2003
Laura Poppo and Todd Zenger
University of Kansas - School of Business and University of Utah

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Contracts, trust, complementarities, transaction cost economics

47.

Being Efficiently Fickle: Why Do Managers Vacillate between Organizational Modes?

Olin Working Paper Series, No. OLIN-97-14
Posted: 26 Feb 1998
Jackson A. Nickerson and Todd Zenger
Washington University in St. Louis - John M. Olin Business School and University of Utah

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49.

Testing Alternative Theories of the Firm: Transaction Cost, Knowledge-Based, and Measurement Explanations for Make-or- Buy Decisions in Information Services

OLIN-97-03
Posted: 11 Aug 1997
Laura Poppo and Todd Zenger
University of Kansas - School of Business and University of Utah

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50.

Compensating for Innovation: Do Small Firms Offer High- Powered Incentives that Lure Talent and Motivate Effort?

Posted: 12 Jun 1997
Todd Zenger and Sergio G. Lazzarini
University of Utah and Insper Institute of Education and Research

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incentives; diseconomies of scale; small firms; innovation; adverse selection

51.

High-Powered Incentives in Hierarchies: The Determinants of Incentive Intensity in Group-Based Rewards

Posted: 08 May 1997
Todd Zenger and C.R. Marshall
University of Utah and Upper Iowa University

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52.

The Disaggregation of Organizations: Selective Intervention, High-Powered Incentives, and Molecular Units

Organization Science, (1996).
Posted: 15 Oct 1996
Todd Zenger and William S. Hesterly
University of Utah and University of Utah - Department of Management

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